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Substitutions in Professional Elite Soccer Increase Distance and High-Intensity Actions.

Thomas Carpels1,2, Sarah Kelly1, Ole J Kemi1

  • 1School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; and.

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
|June 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Substitutions in professional soccer significantly boost players' distance covered and high-intensity actions during matches. This strategy helps teams maintain performance and increases the likelihood of improving the match score.

Keywords:
distancefootballmetabolic powerrepeated high-intensity effortssubstitute

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Soccer Performance Analysis

Background:

  • Physical performance, including distance and high-intensity actions, is crucial for success in elite soccer.
  • Players must manage their energy expenditure throughout a match to maintain performance.
  • Substitutions are a tactical tool that may help mitigate performance declines during a game.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of substitutions on physical performance metrics in professional elite soccer.
  • To analyze the effect of substitutions on total distance covered, high-intensity actions, and peak metabolic power.
  • To determine the influence of substitutions on match outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized global positioning system (GPS) data to track physical performance in 48 elite male professional soccer players across 95 matches.
  • Analyzed 253 substitutions over three competitive seasons.
  • Compared physical performance data (total distance, repeated high-intensity efforts, peak metabolic power) between full-match players and substituted players.

Main Results:

  • Players entering the match as substitutes covered 50-74% more relative distance compared to full-match players.
  • Substituted players performed 61-93% more repeated high-intensity efforts than those playing the full match.
  • Substitutions were 3-4 times more likely to improve match scores, particularly when made between 60 and 80 minutes.

Conclusions:

  • Substitutions enable teams to sustain or enhance physical performance, especially high-intensity actions, throughout a soccer match.
  • The strategic use of substitutions can positively influence match results.
  • Full match players exhibited slightly higher maximal oxygen uptake compared to substitute players.