Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 12, 2026
Surgical Placement of Catheters for Long-term Cardiovascular Exercise Testing in Swine
Published on: February 9, 2016
Hemodynamic Response During Different Modalities of Resistance Training in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: A
Thomas Schmidt1, Elisa Mirti, Hans-Georg Predel
1Author Affiliations: Department of Preventive and Rehabilitative Sport and Exercise Medicine, Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany (Dr Schmidt, MS Mirti, Dr Predel, Dr Bjarnason-Wehrens, and Dr Mazzoli-Rocha); Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Schüchtermann-Klinik Bad Rothenfelde, Bad Rothenfelde, Lower Saxony, Germany (Dr Schmidt); and Clinical Research Laboratory in Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Disease, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Dr Mazzoli-Rocha).
Purpose:
Resistance training (RT) can improve the quality of life and cardiovascular function in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Its clinical application, however, remains limited by heterogeneous training protocols and insufficiently understood acute hemodynamic responses. This systematic review, therefore, aimed to investigate the hemodynamic response during different modalities of RT in patients with CVD.
Review Methods:
A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Trials Register was conducted. Randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials, comparing the hemodynamic response between different modalities of RT in adults (≥18 years) with CVD, were included. A meta-analysis was performed to compare the change from baseline (Δ) in heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) to low-intensity with longer-duration RT (low longer) versus high-intensity with shorter-duration RT (high shorter).
Summary:
The 8 included studies, which comprised 182 patients with CVD, especially heart failure and coronary artery disease, reported that RT was safe and observed an increase in HR and SBP during RT relative to baseline, independent of the modality used. The meta-analysis performed for HR (mean difference = 1.23: 95% CI, -2.97 to 5.43 beats/min; P = .5651) and SBP (mean difference = 12.57: 95% CI, -6.83 to 31.98 mm Hg; P = .2040) indicated no statistically significant difference between the low-longer and high-shorter modalities. This systematic review underscores that, despite limited evidence, dynamic RT elicits a predictable and safe increase in HR and SBP in patients with CVD, particularly those with heart failure and coronary artery disease.
Related Concept Videos
01:20Exercise and Cardiovascular Response
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
01:17Exercise and Cardiac Output
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be met...
01:29Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance
01:19Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output
Cardiac output adapts to metabolic demands during stress, physical activity, or illness. The autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate via the sinoatrial node. The parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart rate...
01:29Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology
01:26Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System