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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Creating Rigidly Stabilized Fractures for Assessing Intramembranous Ossification, Distraction Osteogenesis, or Healing of Critical Sized Defects
07:35

Creating Rigidly Stabilized Fractures for Assessing Intramembranous Ossification, Distraction Osteogenesis, or Healing of Critical Sized Defects

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Bone Growth Stimulators in Orthopedic Trauma: History, Mechanisms, and Clinical Applications

Kristin Sheaffer1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center - Campbell Clinic, 1211 Union Avenue, Suite 510, Memphis, TN 38104, USA.

The Orthopedic Clinics of North America
|June 10, 2026
PubMed

Keywords:
Bone growth stimulatorsCapacitive couplingCombined magnetic fieldDirect currentFracture nonunionLow-intensity pulsed ultrasoundOrthopedic traumaPulsed electromagnetic field

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