Advances in Neuroblastoma and Wilms Tumor

Neuroblastoma and Wilms tumor are common pediatric malignancies. For both tumors, management relies on risk stratification that is based on a combination of clinical and molecular factors. Neuroblastoma is risk-stratified based on age, stage, histology, MYCN status, ploidy, and segmental chromosomal aberrations. Wilms tumors are risk-stratified based on age, stage, histology, treatment response, loss of heterozygosity at chromosomes 1p, 16q, and 11p15, and chromosome 1q gain. Risk stratification has allowed for continued improvement in outcomes through treatment intensification in those with unfavorable features and minimization of treatment and associated side effects in those patients with a better risk category.