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A study of the forces generated during equine cheek tooth extraction
Tom N A McGinley1, Richard J M Reardon2
1The Liphook Equine Hospital, Hampshire, UK.
Equine Veterinary Journal
|June 10, 2026
Summary
Measuring equine cheek teeth extraction forces revealed high values, up to 4640.4 N in cadavers and 2851.8 N in live horses. These elevation forces (EF) varied significantly based on tooth position and preparation technique.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Equine Dentistry
- Biomechanics
Background:
- Significant force is applied during equine cheek teeth extraction.
- Previous research has not quantified these elevation forces (EF).
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a method for measuring EF during equine cheek teeth extraction.
- To record EF in cadaver specimens and clinical cases.
- To evaluate factors influencing EF, comparing tooth positions and horse signalments.
Main Methods:
- Utilized strain gauges on extraction forceps to measure force in Newtons.
- Conducted in vitro extractions on cadaver specimens, comparing oscillation times and coronectomy techniques.
- Collected data from clinical cases undergoing cheek teeth extraction.
Main Results:
- EF ranged from 406.7 to 4640.4 N in cadavers and 564.3 to 2851.8 N in clinical cases.
- Median EF was not significantly different between 5-min and 10-min oscillation times.
- Median EF was significantly lower in teeth with root fractures and higher in maxillary compared to mandibular teeth.
Conclusions:
- High EF were recorded, varying with tooth position, horse age, and preparation technique.
- Limitations included small sample sizes and postmortem changes affecting ex vivo validity.
- Further research is needed to refine measurement accuracy and explore influencing factors.
