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Systemic inflammation indices generated from first-trimester blood tests can be potential biomarkers for predicting

Yu Chen1, Jingyang Li1, Xiaoshuang Li1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.

Journal of Human Hypertension
|June 10, 2026
PubMed

Insights

First-trimester systemic inflammation indices, including SII, SIRI, NLR, and PIV, show promise as early predictors for preeclampsia. Elevated levels in early pregnancy may indicate increased risk, particularly for late-onset preeclampsia.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Immunology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Preeclampsia is a significant cause of maternal and neonatal complications, affecting 3-8% of pregnancies.
  • Current diagnostic methods lack effective predictive biomarkers for preeclampsia.
  • Systemic inflammation is a key characteristic of preeclampsia, potentially triggered by placental factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of first-trimester systemic inflammation indices as early predictors of preeclampsia.
  • To determine if specific blood-based inflammatory markers can identify women at risk for developing preeclampsia.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of blood samples collected between 6-12 weeks gestation from women who developed preeclampsia (n=109) and controls (n=177).
  • Calculation of systemic inflammation indices: Systemic Immune Inflammation Index (SII), Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI), Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), and Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value (PIV).
  • Comparison of white blood cell counts, differential counts, and platelet counts between groups.

Main Results:

  • Significantly higher counts of white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes were observed in women who later developed preeclampsia.
  • All four calculated systemic inflammation indices (SII, SIRI, NLR, PIV) were significantly elevated in women who developed preeclampsia.
  • Elevated indices were primarily associated with late-onset preeclampsia, with no significant differences in women with or without severe features.

Conclusions:

  • First-trimester systemic inflammation indices derived from routine blood tests can serve as potential early predictors of preeclampsia.
  • These indices may offer additional predictive value when used in conjunction with other established biomarkers.
  • Further research could integrate these inflammatory markers into routine prenatal screening for improved preeclampsia risk assessment.

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