Two-component exciton condensates in an electron-hole bilayer

Macroscopic quantum coherence emerges when bosons condense into a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC)^1-5. Excitons are a long-sought solid-state route to high-temperature BECs with strong interactions, electrical tunability and potentially multicomponent spinor order, but conclusive evidence for equilibrium condensation has remained elusive. Here we report evidence for two-component exciton BECs in MoSe₂/hBN/WSe₂ electron-hole bilayers^6-9 by probing the spin-valley susceptibility of constituent electrons and holes. This heterostructure hosts equilibrium exciton fluids with four spin-valley flavours. Magneto-optical spectroscopy in a dilution refrigerator reveals three exciton condensate phases with distinct flavour polarizations. At zero magnetic field, the many-body ground state is a coherent superposition of two condensed intravalley exciton flavours. Under a magnetic field, the intravalley exciton condensate first switches to a two-component intervalley condensate through a first-order quantum phase transition at a weak critical field and then turns into a fully polarized single-component condensate at high fields. The condensate signatures form a dome in density-temperature space, persisting up to approximately 1.8 K. Our results establish van der Waals electron-hole bilayers as a versatile platform for strongly interacting, multicomponent exciton BECs.