Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 12, 2026
Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
Measuring the Socially Perceived Value of Surgery for Facial Paralysis and Facial Synkinesis
Forrest W Fearington1, Nicholas R Randall2, Lazaro R Peraza2
1Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Background:
Facial nerve injury can result in a spectrum of clinical presentations from complete facial paralysis (CFP) to facial synkinesis. Willingness to pay (WTP) and quality-adjusted life years are established metrics used to assess the societal value of treatments.
Objective:
To quantify the perceived value of surgery for CFP and synkinesis amongst casual observers, as measured by WTP and quality of life indices.
Methods:
Casual observers were shown standardized videos of faces with complete paralysis, synkinesis, and nonparalyzed controls (eight videos each). Observers were asked to imagine having each condition and to rate their quality of life and WTP for surgical repair.
Results:
A total of 557 observers were included (mean age 36.5 years, 59% female). Both complete paralysis and synkinesis were associated with reduced quality-adjusted life year indices (0.9 [95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87-0.93]) for synkinesis; 0.86 (95% CI: 0.83-0.89) for complete paralysis, p = 0.0011). The mean WTP was $22,791 for complete flaccid paralysis and $15,718 for synkinesis repair and increased with income. WTP per quality-adjusted-life year gained was $6,844 for complete paralysis and $6,604 for synkinesis (p > 0.05).
Conclusion:
Observers perceived surgical repair of CFP and synkinesis as highly valuable and within common cost-effectiveness thresholds.
