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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

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Published on: July 21, 2023
Development of a Heart Failure Exacerbation Symptom Response System: A Delphi Study
Motohiro Sano1, Sho Okada2, Yasuyuki Hirano3
1Department of Advanced Clinical Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing, Chiba University Chiba Japan.
Background:
Heart failure re-hospitalization often results from inadequate self-management. We developed a Heart Failure Exacerbation Symptom Response System to facilitate early detection regardless of professional experience.
Methods And Results:
A 3-round Delphi survey among 19 healthcare professionals evaluated system appropriateness. Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and Scale-Content Validity Index/Average (S-CVI/AVE) were calculated. Round 1 showed 50% of items with I-CVIs <0.78 (S-CVI/AVE=0.77), prompting revisions. Final I-CVIs exceeded 0.78 for >95% of items.
Conclusions:
Expert consensus confirmed content validity for supporting consistent assessments and early intervention. Further validation in home healthcare is warranted.
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