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  1. Home
  3. Fibroblast Activation Protein-targeted Spect Imaging Using 99mtc: A Comprehensive Review.
  1. Home
  3. Fibroblast Activation Protein-targeted Spect Imaging Using 99mtc: A Comprehensive Review.

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Fibroblast Activation Protein-Targeted SPECT Imaging Using 99mTc: A Comprehensive Review.

Aisha Yasin1, Syed Ali Raza Naqvi1, Shakaib Arslan Gursal2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan.

Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
|June 11, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Technetium-99m labeled Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitors (99mTc-FAPI) offer a cost-effective and accessible alternative for cancer imaging. These SPECT tracers show high tumor uptake and excellent contrast, advancing FAP-targeted diagnostics.

Keywords:
Fibroblast activation proteinFibroblast activation protein inhibitorsTechnetium-99m

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiochemistry
  • Molecular Imaging

Background:

  • Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP) is highly expressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts within the tumor microenvironment of most epithelial malignancies.
  • FAP's tumor-selective expression makes it an attractive target for molecular imaging and theranostics.
  • Positron Emission Tomography (PET) FAP inhibitors (FAPI) show clinical promise but face limitations in cost and accessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in Technetium-99m (99mTc)-labeled FAPI radiopharmaceuticals for Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) imaging.
  • To summarize 99mTc radiolabeling strategies and evaluate their preclinical and clinical performance.
  • To highlight the potential of 99mTc-FAPI as a globally accessible alternative for FAP-targeted imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of literature on 99mTc-labeled FAPI development.
  • Description of various 99mTc coordination strategies for radiolabeling (e.g., oxo, nitrido, tricarbonyl, isonitrile, HYNIC).
  • Analysis of preclinical and clinical data regarding tumor uptake, pharmacokinetics, and imaging quality.

Main Results:

  • Multiple 99mTc-labeling strategies have been successfully developed for FAPI targeting.
  • 99mTc-FAPI radiotracers demonstrate high tumor uptake and favorable pharmacokinetic profiles.
  • SPECT imaging with 99mTc-FAPI provides excellent imaging contrast for visualizing FAP expression.

Conclusions:

  • 99mTc-labeled FAPI radiopharmaceuticals represent a cost-effective and widely accessible imaging modality for FAP.
  • These tracers exhibit promising characteristics for clinical translation in FAP-targeted molecular imaging.
  • SPECT imaging with 99mTc-FAPI offers a viable alternative to PET-based approaches, especially where PET infrastructure is limited.