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Probiotics

Probiotics

Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that confer health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex microbial ecosystem, and the balance of this microbiota is crucial for digestive and systemic health. Among the most extensively studied and utilized probiotics are species formerly classified within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These organisms not only naturally colonize the human gut but are also consumed through...

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.

The Skin Microbiota

The Skin Microbiota

The human skin serves as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health and defending against pathogenic invaders. The composition of microbial communities varies significantly across different regions of the body, influenced primarily by the local levels of moisture and sebum.Regional Variation in Skin MicrobiotaCutibacterium acnes predominantly colonizes sebaceous...

Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth

Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth

Microbial growth control refers to various methods employed to inhibit, reduce, or eliminate microorganisms to ensure safety and hygiene across different settings. These methods are categorized based on the target environment and the level of microbial control required.Biocides are versatile agents designed to control microorganisms by either inhibiting their growth or outright killing them. These agents work through various physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological mechanisms. The...

Surface Membrane Barriers

Surface Membrane Barriers

The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...

Microbes in the Production of Fermented Foods

Microbes in the Production of Fermented Foods

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and molds are instrumental in fermenting plant-based foods to enhance preservation and ensure year-round availability. These microbial processes convert plant carbohydrates into organic acids and other metabolites that inhibit spoilage organisms and contribute to the sensory qualities of the final product.In sauerkraut production, cabbage goes through a microbial succession that starts with cocci such as Leuconostoc mesenteroides. These microbes begin fermentation by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Process Development for the Spray-Drying of Probiotic Bacteria and Evaluation of the Product Quality

Process Development for the Spray-Drying of Probiotic Bacteria and Evaluation of the Product Quality

Published on: April 7, 2023

A Microbial Formulation Perspective on Probiotic Skincare: Viability, Challenges, and Current Approaches to Maintain

Farzaneh Rezaei¹, Joseph A Rollin¹

¹Fafabiotic LLC, Cary, North Carolina, USA.

Biotechnology and Bioengineering

|June 11, 2026

Summary

This review explores live probiotic skincare, detailing the benefits of beneficial microbes for skin health. It addresses challenges and strategies for incorporating live organisms into cosmetic formulations for enhanced efficacy.

Keywords:

bloom technology delivery formulation microbiome probiotic skincare skin barrier viable microorganisms

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Process Development for the Spray-Drying of Probiotic Bacteria and Evaluation of the Product Quality

Process Development for the Spray-Drying of Probiotic Bacteria and Evaluation of the Product Quality

Published on: April 7, 2023

Prospecting Microbial Strains for Bioremediation and Probiotics Development for Metaorganism Research and Preservation

Prospecting Microbial Strains for Bioremediation and Probiotics Development for Metaorganism Research and Preservation

Published on: October 31, 2019

Transformation of Probiotic Yeast and Their Recovery from Gastrointestinal Immune Tissues Following Oral Gavage in Mice

Transformation of Probiotic Yeast and Their Recovery from Gastrointestinal Immune Tissues Following Oral Gavage in Mice

Published on: February 8, 2016

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Dermatology
Cosmetic Science

Background:

The human microbiome, including the skin microbiome, is crucial for health.
Consumer interest in microbiome-based skincare is growing, driving innovation in probiotic, prebiotic, and postbiotic products.
Current market products often use non-viable microbial derivatives due to formulation and stability challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a microbial formulation perspective on probiotic skincare.
To clarify definitions and distinctions between probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics.
To explore technical and regulatory hurdles for live microbial inclusion in cosmetics.

Main Methods:

Review of scientific literature on the human microbiome and skin barrier function.
Analysis of current cosmetic applications of microbial derivatives.
Evaluation of challenges and strategies for live microbial formulation.

Main Results:

Live microorganisms offer potential benefits for skin appearance and barrier function.
Significant technical challenges (preservative compatibility, viability, packaging) hinder live probiotic formulation.
Regulatory hurdles also impact the development of authentic probiotic skincare.

Conclusions:

Overcoming formulation and regulatory challenges is key to advancing live probiotic skincare.
Strategies exist to maintain microbial viability, but further research is needed.
Future research should focus on evidence-based, authentic probiotic formulations for skin health.