Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...

Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs

Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs

Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
The primary methodologies used in behavior genetics include family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies, each providing unique...

Human Genetics

Human Genetics

Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...

Social Anxiety Disorder

Social Anxiety Disorder

Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.

Bulimia Nervosa

Bulimia Nervosa

Bulimia nervosa is a complex and severe eating disorder characterized by a cyclical pattern of binge-and-purge eating pattern. It generally involves an episode of binge eating, followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, excessive exercise, laxative use, or fasting, to prevent weight gain. Despite often maintaining a normal weight, individuals with bulimia are intensely preoccupied with their body image and harbor an overwhelming fear of gaining weight. This can contribute to the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The rs10781468 Genetic Polymorphism of the Gαq (GNAQ) Gene Is Associated With Responsiveness to Opioid Analgesics in Patients With Postoperative and Cancer Pain: An Exploratory Study.

Neuropsychopharmacology reports·2026

Same author

In memoriam-Shigeto Yamawaki, M.D., Ph.D. (1954-2026).

Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·2026

Same author

Sex Difference in Effect of the OPRM1 Gene A118G (rs1799971) Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism on the Requirement for Postoperative Fentanyl in Japanese Patients Who Underwent Laparoscopic-Assisted Colectomy.

Neuropsychopharmacology reports·2026

Same author

A kidney-protective mechanism via cellular oxidative stress reduction induced by CD5L protein.

Cell death discovery·2026

Same author

Global Perspectives on CNS Drug Innovation: Achievements, Barriers, and Priorities for the Next Decade.

The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology·2026

Same author

Overexpression of endogenous galactolipases and an efflux transporter enhances the secretion of extracellular free fatty acids by Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942.

Biotechnology for biofuels and bioproducts·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Paradigms for Behavioral Assessment in Drosophila Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Paradigms for Behavioral Assessment in Drosophila Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: September 6, 2024

Autism Spectrum Disorder: Integrating Genetic and Environmental Risk.

Satoshi Kamijo^1,2, Hideki Miwa¹, Kazutaka Ikeda^1,3

¹Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira 187-8553, Tokyo, Japan.

|June 11, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with diverse causes. Research suggests genetic, environmental, and developmental factors interact to influence its varied presentations and subtypes.

Keywords:

GABAergic system autism spectrum disorder (ASD)brain–gut interaction cerebellum dopamine endocannabinoid system excitation/inhibition imbalance genetic factors maternal immune activation oxytocin serotonin

More Related Videos

Strategies for Assessing Autistic-Like Behaviors in Mice

Strategies for Assessing Autistic-Like Behaviors in Mice

Published on: September 20, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Paradigms for Behavioral Assessment in Drosophila Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Paradigms for Behavioral Assessment in Drosophila Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: September 6, 2024

Strategies for Assessing Autistic-Like Behaviors in Mice

Strategies for Assessing Autistic-Like Behaviors in Mice

Published on: September 20, 2024

Area of Science:

Neurodevelopmental disorders
Genetics and epigenetics
Behavioral science

Background:

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social communication deficits and restricted, repetitive behaviors.
ASD is highly heterogeneous, with diverse clinical presentations suggesting multiple underlying etiological subtypes.
The etiology of ASD is complex, involving interactions between genetic susceptibility and environmental/developmental factors.

Purpose of the Study:

To review epidemiological findings related to autism spectrum disorder.
To discuss major proposed etiological mechanisms for ASD.
To integrate evidence from human studies and animal models for mechanistic insights.

Main Methods:

Literature review of epidemiological studies on ASD.
Synthesis of research on genetic, environmental, and developmental factors in ASD etiology.
Integration of findings from human and animal model studies.

Main Results:

Epidemiological data highlight the heterogeneity of ASD and suggest multiple etiological subtypes.
Genetic susceptibility interacting with environmental and developmental factors is a key hypothesis for ASD's diverse phenotypic outcomes.
Animal models offer mechanistic insights that complement human epidemiological observations.

Conclusions:

The etiology of ASD is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay of genetic and environmental influences.
Understanding the diverse subtypes of ASD requires integrating evidence from various research approaches, including human and animal studies.
Animal models, while not directly translatable, are valuable for exploring neurobiological hypotheses underlying ASD.