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Related Concept Videos

cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways01:25

cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) is an essential second messenger that activates protein kinase A (PKA) and regulates various biological processes. A single epinephrine molecule binds to GPCR and activates several heterotrimeric G proteins, each stimulating multiple adenylyl cyclase, amplifying the signal, and synthesizing large numbers of cAMP molecules. Small changes in cAMP concentration affect PKA activity. The binding of four cAMP molecules induces a conformational change in PKA,...
Cell Motility through Blebbing01:16

Cell Motility through Blebbing

Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
Blebbing Through the Matrix
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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
Types of Membrane Protrusions01:28

Types of Membrane Protrusions

The protrusion of the cell surface is an initial step for several cellular processes, including cell migration, phagocytosis, and neurite outgrowth. These membrane protrusions are a result of cytoskeletal rearrangement. The most  widely observed cell protrusions include lamellipodia, pseudopodia, filopodia, microvilli, invadopodia, and podosomes. These protrusions can be of two types — static or dynamic.
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Enzyme-linked Receptors

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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Regulating Schwann Cell Growth by Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration In Vitro
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Sustained CREB Phosphorylation Is Associated with Neuritogenic Prostanoid Signaling in NSC-34 Cells.

Koume Nagayama1, Hiroshi Nango1, Komugi Tsuruta1

  • 1Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan.

Cells
|June 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) promotes neuritogenesis in motor neurons, unlike Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2). Sustained CREB phosphorylation, not initial cAMP levels, differentiates their effects on neuronal development.

Keywords:
NSC-34 cellcAMPcAMP response element binding proteinneurite outgrowthprostaglandinprotein kinase A

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Induction and Analysis of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
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Induction and Analysis of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition

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Induction and Analysis of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
10:37

Induction and Analysis of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition

Published on: August 27, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Neuritogenesis is crucial for neuronal development and circuit formation.
  • Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling via Gs-coupled receptors is generally pro-neuritogenic.
  • Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling through the E-prostanoid receptor 2 (EP2) promotes neurite outgrowth in NSC-34 cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the neuritogenic and signaling effects of PGE2 and Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) in NSC-34 motor neuron-like cells.
  • To investigate the role of Gs-coupled prostanoid signaling in neuronal development.

Main Methods:

  • Treatment of NSC-34 cells with PGE2, PGI2, and their respective receptor agonists (butaprost for EP2, beraprost for IP).
  • Assessment of neurite outgrowth and cell differentiation.
  • Measurement of intracellular cAMP levels, protein kinase A (PKA) substrate phosphorylation, and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation.
  • RNA sequencing to analyze transcriptional changes.

Main Results:

  • PGE2 and the EP2 agonist butaprost significantly increased neurite-bearing cells, while PGI2 and the IP agonist beraprost had no effect.
  • Both PGI2 and PGE2 induced comparable early cAMP accumulation and PKA substrate phosphorylation, peaking at 1 hour.
  • Only PGE2 sustained CREB phosphorylation from 3-6 hours, whereas PGI2 did not.
  • RNA sequencing revealed largely similar transcriptional responses, with Fst being the only gene significantly upregulated by PGE2 compared to PGI2 at 4 hours.

Conclusions:

  • The temporal dynamics of CREB phosphorylation, specifically sustained signaling, may be more critical for mediating neuritogenic outcomes than the magnitude of early cAMP-PKA pathway activation.
  • Gs-coupled prostanoid signaling can lead to divergent effects on neuritogenesis, highlighting the importance of receptor-specific downstream signaling kinetics.