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Related Concept Videos

Amebiasis01:28

Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
Cancer Survival Analysis01:21

Cancer Survival Analysis

Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...

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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery
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Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery

Published on: September 27, 2024

Exploring Risk Factors and Sex Differences in Colorectal Cancer: Insights from Current Evidence.

Camilla Cittadini1, Elisabetta Iessi2, Rosa Vona2

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena, 299-00161 Rome, Italy.

Cells
|June 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Biological sex significantly impacts colorectal cancer (CRC) development and outcomes. Understanding these sex-based differences in tumor biology and treatment response is crucial for advancing CRC care.

Keywords:
colorectal cancergut microbiomeprecision oncologysex hormonessex/gender differences

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Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer Risk and Prevalence by Stool DNA Integrity Detection
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Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer Risk and Prevalence by Stool DNA Integrity Detection

Published on: June 8, 2020

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Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery
06:46

Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery

Published on: September 27, 2024

Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer Risk and Prevalence by Stool DNA Integrity Detection
07:35

Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer Risk and Prevalence by Stool DNA Integrity Detection

Published on: June 8, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) exhibits significant sexual dimorphism in incidence and mortality rates.
  • Biological sex influences CRC tumor location, molecular subtypes, and clinical outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on sex-related differences in CRC.
  • To highlight the need for incorporating sex as a biological variable in CRC research and clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiological, molecular, hormonal, and clinical data on sex differences in CRC.
  • Analysis of the influence of sex hormones, gut microbiome, and treatment responses.

Main Results:

  • Men have higher CRC incidence and mortality rates, with distinct tumor characteristics compared to women.
  • Sex hormones (estrogens, androgens), gut microbiome ('microgenderome'), and treatment responses show sex-specific variations in CRC.

Conclusions:

  • Sex is a critical biological variable influencing CRC epidemiology, pathology, and treatment.
  • Systematic inclusion of sex in CRC research and clinical practice is essential for personalized medicine.