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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
06:55

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Published on: January 8, 2020

OPTN/SRTR 2024 Annual Data Report: Heart

Monica M Colvin1, Jodi M Smith2, Colin T Stomberski1

  • 1Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.

American Journal of Transplantation : Official Journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons
|June 11, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Heart transplant numbers in the US surged in 2024, yet demand outpaces supply, especially for pediatric patients. Survival rates remain stable, but transplant rates have declined for most pediatric age groups.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology and Transplant Surgery
  • Public Health and Healthcare Trends
  • Medical Statistics and Outcomes Research

Background:

  • Heart transplantation is a critical treatment for end-stage heart failure.
  • Significant increases in heart transplant volume have been observed, but demand continues to exceed supply.
  • Trends in adult and pediatric heart transplantation require ongoing analysis to understand patient outcomes and resource allocation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the trends in heart transplantation in the United States in 2024 compared to 2013.
  • To evaluate changes in heart transplant rates across different age groups, particularly pediatric recipients.
  • To assess pretransplant mortality, donor characteristics, and post-transplant survival rates.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of national heart transplant data from 2013 and 2024.
  • Comparison of transplant volumes, waiting list numbers, and new listings for adult and pediatric patients.
  • Examination of transplant rates per 100 patient-years, pretransplant mortality, and survival outcomes based on recipient status and support devices.

Main Results:

  • Total US heart transplants reached a record 4,636 in 2024, an 81.5% increase since 2013, but demand remains unmet.
  • Pediatric heart transplant rates have declined since 2013, with significant decreases in younger age groups.
  • Pretransplant mortality decreased to 8.4 deaths/100 patient-years in adults and a 10-year low of 8.2 in pediatric candidates; 1- and 5-year survival rates remained stable.

Conclusions:

  • Despite record transplant volumes, the gap between heart transplant supply and demand persists, particularly for pediatric candidates.
  • Declining transplant rates in most pediatric age groups warrant further investigation into underlying causes.
  • Stable post-transplant survival rates highlight the continued efficacy of heart transplantation, though recipient listing status impacts outcomes.

Keywords:
Allocationdonorheart failureheart transplantleft ventricular assist devicemechanical circulatory supportoutcomes

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