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Related Concept Videos

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract I: Health History01:28

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract I: Health History

Physical assessment of the respiratory tract is critical to patient care. It allows healthcare professionals to identify and manage various respiratory conditions. The process involves a combination of subjective and objective data collection.
Subjective Data
Subjective data provides vital information about the patient's health history and symptoms. This data is typically collected through interviews in which patients describe their experiences, symptoms, and concerns.
Health history and key...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies01:27

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies

Assessing and diagnosing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a detailed approach that includes a comprehensive review of medical history, physical examination, and a variety of diagnostic tests. This thorough evaluation is essential to ensure an accurate diagnosis and guide effective management strategies.
Medical History
Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management01:30

Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management

The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
Assessment of Respiration01:23

Assessment of Respiration

The respiratory system's basic structures and primary functions lay the foundation for nurses' comprehensive respiratory assessments. This assessment includes subjective and objective data to gauge the patient's respiratory health.
Subjective Assessment: Nurses interview the patient to gather information directly during the subjective assessment. It includes questions about the individual's medical history, medications, and symptoms, focusing on past respiratory conditions like asthma or COPD,...

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The International Thoracic Organ Transplant Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: 2026 Annual Pediatric Heart Transplantation Report, Trends and Post-transplant Outcomes by Recipient Sex.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Conducting Respiratory Oscillometry in an Outpatient Setting
14:49

Conducting Respiratory Oscillometry in an Outpatient Setting

Published on: April 8, 2022

OPTN/SRTR 2024 Annual Data Report: Lung.

Maryam Valapour1, Maria Masotti2, David P Schladt2

  • 1Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.

American Journal of Transplantation : Official Journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons
|June 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lung transplantation in the US hit record levels in 2024, with improved access and reduced wait times due to the Composite Allocation Score (CAS). However, disparities in access and increased travel distances persist.

Keywords:
Composite Allocation Score (CAS)end-stage lung diseaselung transplantationtransplant outcomes

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Conducting Respiratory Oscillometry in an Outpatient Setting
14:49

Conducting Respiratory Oscillometry in an Outpatient Setting

Published on: April 8, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular & Pulmonary Medicine
  • Transplant Surgery
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • US lung transplantation reached record levels in 2024, with 3,404 procedures.
  • The adult candidate pool is older, more complex, and increasingly diverse.
  • Pediatric lung transplant activity remains low but shows improvements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze 2024 US lung transplant data, focusing on the impact of the Composite Allocation Score (CAS) and continuous distribution.
  • To evaluate trends in waitlist dynamics, transplant activity, recipient demographics, and outcomes.
  • To identify ongoing challenges and areas for improvement in lung transplantation equity and efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of national lung transplant registry data for 2024.
  • Evaluation of the Composite Allocation Score (CAS) impact on access and wait times.
  • Comparison of pre- and post-transplant outcomes, including survival rates and mortality.
  • Assessment of demographic trends, donor characteristics, and geographic factors.

Main Results:

  • Record 3,404 lung transplants performed; adult candidates are older and more diverse.
  • CAS implementation led to reduced wait times and improved transplant rates, benefiting high-urgency patients.
  • Increased travel distances for transplants (over 500 miles) became common.
  • 1-year survival was 9.4% (2023), 5-year survival was 60.1% (2017-2019), with worse outcomes for older recipients.
  • Donor availability increased, especially from older donors and donation after circulatory death.

Conclusions:

  • The Composite Allocation Score (CAS) and continuous distribution significantly transformed US lung transplantation access and efficiency.
  • Despite improvements, disparities in access persist based on race, ethnicity, sex, blood type, and height.
  • Increased geographic distances and rising nonuse rates require ongoing monitoring for equitable and effective organ allocation.