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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood
08:09

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood

Published on: February 11, 2017

Positive Emotions in Pediatric Communication During Needle Procedures: An Observational Study.

Kari Sørensen1, Hilde Wøien2, Lena Heyn3

  • 1Department of Postgraduate Studies, Lovisenberg Diaconal University College, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pain Management and Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

Pain Management Nursing : Official Journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses
|June 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nurses and parents frequently used positive emotions during needle procedures to comfort children. The Positive Emotion Communication (PEC) system identified these expressions, highlighting potential for improved pediatric care.

Keywords:
ChildrenCommunicationNeedle proceduresPositive emotion coding system

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood
08:09

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood

Published on: February 11, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Healthcare Communication
  • Child Psychology
  • Nursing Research

Background:

  • Children often experience fear and anxiety during needle procedures.
  • Effective communication, particularly involving positive emotions, can reduce distress and strengthen the nurse-child relationship.
  • Understanding the role of positive emotions in pediatric procedural communication is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and analyze expressions of positive emotions during procedural communication between children, parents, and nurses.
  • To utilize the seven categories of the Positive Emotion Communication (PEC) coding system for analysis.
  • To explore the impact of positive emotions on children's distress during needle procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary analysis of nine video recordings of children undergoing needle injections.
  • Application of the PEC coding system to identify positive emotion expressions.
  • Descriptive statistical analysis of the identified positive emotion expressions.

Main Results:

  • A total of 328 positive emotion expressions were identified.
  • Nurses (60%) and parents (30.5%) were the primary sources of positive emotions, with children contributing 9.5%.
  • Positive Focus was commonly used by all; nurses and parents favored Praise or Support, while children used Humor more.

Conclusions:

  • Nurses frequently employed positive communication strategies during challenging pediatric procedures.
  • The PEC coding system is valuable for pediatric communication research but needs enhancement to include nonverbal cues.
  • Further research is recommended to refine the PEC system for a holistic understanding of positive communication in pediatric care.