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Caffeic Acid and Human Health: Evidence-Based Roles in Disease Prevention and Treatment.

Saleh A Almatroodi¹, Arshad Husain Rahmani¹

¹Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|June 12, 2026

Summary

Caffeic acid (CA), a natural phenolic compound, shows promise in preclinical studies for managing various diseases by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm its safety and efficacy in humans.

Keywords:

anti-inflammatory activity antioxidant activity caffeic acid cancer chronic disease pathogenesis

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Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Natural Products Chemistry
Disease Management

Background:

Caffeic acid (CA) is a widely available phenolic compound with documented preclinical evidence for its therapeutic potential.
CA exhibits protective effects against oxidative stress and inflammation, key factors in many pathological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the pharmacological effects of caffeic acid (CA) across various pathological conditions based on preclinical evidence.
To provide a comprehensive overview of CA's influence on disease processes and its potential as a natural therapeutic agent.

Main Methods:

Literature search conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science.
Focus on preclinical studies (in vitro, in vivo, and xenograft models) investigating CA's effects.

Main Results:

CA demonstrates neuroprotective, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, and anti-obesity effects.
Anticancer properties of CA are linked to modulation of cell signaling, angiogenesis, cell cycle, apoptosis, and the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Conclusions:

While preclinical data is extensive, clinical translation of CA is limited by poor bioavailability and potential toxicity.
Future research should prioritize well-designed clinical trials to establish CA's safety, efficacy, and therapeutic applications in humans, exploring synergistic effects with other agents.