Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Lycopene: Mechanisms, Biological Activities, and Health Benefits

Lycopene, a carotenoid commonly found in tomatoes, is an emerging compound with a noteworthy role in the prevention and treatment of various pathologies. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo models indicates that lycopene plays an imperative role in disease management through the regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and the modulation of various biological processes. Its role containing nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective properties, anti-arthritis, anti-obesity, and wound healing has been documented. Its significant role in cancer management through modulation of inflammation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell cycle, and PI3/Akt pathways has been properly described. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of lycopene in the management of pathogenesis. The review further evaluates the current evidence regarding the synergistic interactions of lycopene with other bioactive compounds and drugs and highlights the potential of emerging nanoformulation strategies to improve its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy in disease management. However, this compound shows some limitations, particularly its low bioavailability and poor water solubility, which hinder its therapeutic benefit in disease management. For a better understanding of its mechanisms of action, safety considerations, potential drug interactions, and optimal dosages, further detailed studies based on both preclinical and clinical data are needed. This further investigation is essential to reveal the maximum potential benefit of lycopene in disease management.