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Isolation and Biophysical Study of Fruit Cuticles
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Unlocking Bioactive, Peptide-Rich Extracts from Tomato Seeds Using Enzymatic-Assisted Extraction.

Giorgia Benati1, Maura Ferri1, Tommaso Barbieri2

  • 1Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio n.42, 40126 Bologna, Italy.

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
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Direct enzymatic extraction from tomato seeds efficiently recovers protein without defatting. This sustainable method yields bioactive peptide-rich extracts with antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase properties.

Area of Science:

  • Food Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

  • Tomato processing generates significant by-products, notably protein-rich seeds.
  • Current methods for protein extraction are often inefficient and unsustainable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate direct enzyme-assisted protein extraction from non-defatted tomato seeds.
  • To optimize extraction conditions and evaluate the bioactivity of the resulting protein extracts.

Main Methods:

  • Enzymatic hydrolysis using various proteases (Bromelain, Protamex, Trypsin) on non-defatted tomato seeds.
  • Optimization of enzyme/substrate ratios, pre-treatments, and incubation temperatures.
  • Analysis of protein recovery, reducing sugar content, antioxidant activity, and anti-tyrosinase activity.
Keywords:
anti-tyrosinase activitybioactive peptidesproteasessustainable extractionstomato seeds

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Isolation and Biophysical Study of Fruit Cuticles
15:53

Isolation and Biophysical Study of Fruit Cuticles

Published on: March 30, 2012

An Efficient Clearing Protocol for the Study of Seed Development in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
06:26

An Efficient Clearing Protocol for the Study of Seed Development in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Published on: September 7, 2022

Extraction of Plant-based Capsules for Microencapsulation Applications
10:54

Extraction of Plant-based Capsules for Microencapsulation Applications

Published on: November 9, 2016

Main Results:

  • Optimal protein recovery achieved with a 5% enzyme/substrate ratio using proteases directly on non-defatted seeds.
  • Comparable protein yields from non-defatted and defatted seeds, indicating defatting is unnecessary.
  • Extracts exhibited significant antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities, with Protamex yielding the highest bioactivity.

Conclusions:

  • Direct enzymatic extraction is a sustainable and efficient method for recovering protein from tomato seeds.
  • The process avoids defatting, reducing solvent use and energy consumption.
  • The resulting protein-rich extracts possess valuable bioactive properties for various applications.