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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Ultrafast Lignin Extraction from Unusual Mediterranean Lignocellulosic Residues
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Ultrasound-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Three-Phase Partitioning System for Extraction of Polysaccharides from

Xinyu Zhang1, Pengkun Xu1, Jing Yao1

  • 1Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
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A novel green extraction method using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and ultrasound efficiently isolates bioactive polysaccharides from longan shells. This sustainable approach yields a potent antioxidant heteropolysaccharide with potential applications.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Green Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Longan shells are a rich source of bioactive compounds.
  • Traditional polysaccharide extraction methods often lack efficiency and sustainability.
  • Developing eco-friendly extraction techniques is crucial for utilizing agricultural byproducts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a green and efficient method for isolating polysaccharides from longan shells.
  • To characterize the isolated polysaccharides and evaluate their antioxidant properties.
  • To investigate the reusability and stability of the deep eutectic solvent (DES) system.

Main Methods:

  • Ultrasound-enhanced extraction combined with hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and three-phase partitioning (TPP).
Keywords:
antioxidant activitydeep eutectic solventslongan shell polysacchariderecyclable extractantresponse surface methodologythree-phase partitioning

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  • Optimization of extraction parameters (temperature, phase volume ratio, ammonium sulfate concentration) using response surface methodology.
  • Structural characterization of isolated polysaccharides (LSP) using techniques to determine composition and molecular architecture.
  • Evaluation of antioxidant capacity through ABTS radical inhibition and iron-reducing capacity assays.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved an extraction efficiency of 2.42 ± 0.03% for longan shell polysaccharides (LSP).
    • Isolated LSP was identified as an acidic heteropolysaccharide rich in galacturonic acid and arabinose, with a fibrous network structure.
    • The DES system demonstrated stable performance over five reuse cycles without significant degradation.
    • LSP exhibited significant antioxidant activity, with 96.6 ± 2.0% ABTS radical inhibition and 68.67 ± 2.02 micromol Trolox/g iron-reducing capacity at 0.4 mg/mL.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed ultrasound-assisted DES-TPP method offers a sustainable and efficient approach for polysaccharide extraction from longan shells.
    • The isolated LSP possesses valuable bioactive properties, particularly antioxidant capacity, suggesting potential for nutraceutical or pharmaceutical applications.
    • The reusable nature of the DES system enhances the economic and environmental viability of the extraction process.