Enabling and Enhancing Massive Multiple Input-Multiple Output Systems with Two-Dimensional Orthogonal Pattern...

This paper proposes a two-dimensional orthogonal pattern division multiple access (OPDMA) technique to address key challenges in massive MIMO systems, including complex channel estimation, multipath interference, Doppler effects, and inter-antenna interference. Byleveraging optimal frequency hopping patterns with ideal autocorrelation and cross-correlation properties, constructed using a two-dimensional cyclic shift method, OPDMA eliminates the need for equalizers and channel estimation, thereby simplifying receiver design and mitigating pilot contamination. A method for constructing these patterns is introduced, based on an algebraic Costas array with a two-dimensional cyclic shift approach. The simulation results show that OPDMA significantly reduces the bit error rate (BER), simplifies system architecture, and enhances communication quality. These findings highlight OPDMA's potential to improve performance and streamline the design of massive MIMO systems compared to traditional methods, which implies that OPDMA can be a promising low-complexity interference-suppression strategy when the optimal frequency hopping patterns design parameters match the expected Doppler shift and multipath delay.