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Passive Filters

Passive Filters

Passive filters are utilized to shape the frequency spectrum of signals across a diverse array of applications. These filters, using only passive elements like resistors (R), inductors (L), and capacitors (C), are capable of selectively allowing or blocking certain frequency ranges without the need for external power sources.
Low-Pass Filters
Low-pass filters are designed to transmit signals with frequencies lower than the cutoff frequency, ωc, and attenuate those above it. The cutoff frequency...

Active Filters

Active Filters

Active filters are electronic circuits that use operational amplifiers (op-amps), resistors, and capacitors to filter out unwanted frequency components from a signal. A first-order low-pass active filter is designed to pass signals with a frequency lower than a certain cutoff frequency and attenuate frequencies higher than that cutoff frequency. The transfer function for a first-order low-pass active filter is:

Characteristics of Series Resonant Circuit

Characteristics of Series Resonant Circuit

Series resonance occurs in a circuit containing inductive (L), capacitive (C), and resistive (R) elements connected sequentially. At the resonance frequency, the inductive and capacitive reactances are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign, effectively canceling each other. This causes the circuit's impedance is minimal, primarily determined by the resistance R. The resonant frequency of an RLC circuit is defined as:

Parallel Resonance

Parallel Resonance

The parallel RLC circuit is an arrangement where the resistor (R), inductor (L), and capacitor (C) are all connected to the same nodes and, as a result, share the same voltage across them. The parallel RLC circuit is analyzed in terms of admittance (Y), which reflects the ease with which current can flow. The admittance is given by:

Bandpass Sampling

Bandpass Sampling

In signal processing, bandpass sampling is an effective technique for sampling signals that have most of their energy concentrated within a narrow frequency band. This type of signal is known as a bandpass signal. The key principle of bandpass sampling involves sampling the signal at a rate that is greater than twice the signal's bandwidth to prevent aliasing.
A bandpass signal has a spectrum with a lower frequency limit, denoted as ω1, and an upper frequency limit, denoted as ω2. The spectrum...

Series Resonance

Series Resonance

The RLC circuit impedance is defined as the ratio of the supply voltage to the circuit current. Resonance in such a circuit occurs when the imaginary part of this impedance equals zero. This specific condition means that the inductive reactance is exactly equal to the capacitive reactance. The frequency at which this happens is known as the resonant frequency. Mathematically, the resonant frequency is inversely proportional to the square root of the product of the inductance (L) and capacitance...

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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Fabrication of Nanopillar-Based Split Ring Resonators for Displacement Current Mediated Resonances in Terahertz Metamaterials

Fabrication of Nanopillar-Based Split Ring Resonators for Displacement Current Mediated Resonances in Terahertz Metamaterials

Published on: March 23, 2017

Dual Band-Pass Filter Based on Split Ring Resonators with Controlled Asymmetric Bandwidth Response.

Patricia Castillo-Araníbar¹, Alejandro García Lampérez², Daniel Segovia-Vargas³

¹Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Universidad Católica San Pablo, Arequipa 04001, Peru.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|June 12, 2026

Summary

This study presents a new method for designing compact dual-band bandpass filters using split-ring resonators (SRRs). The technique enables precise control over bandwidth ratios (BWR) for asymmetric filter responses in mobile communication applications.

Keywords:

SRR asymmetric response microwave

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Fabrication of Nanopillar-Based Split Ring Resonators for Displacement Current Mediated Resonances in Terahertz Metamaterials

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Published on: May 21, 2016

Area of Science:

Electrical Engineering
Electromagnetics
Microwave Engineering

Background:

Dual-band bandpass filters are crucial for modern wireless communication systems, enabling devices to operate across multiple frequency bands simultaneously.
Compact filter designs are highly desirable for miniaturization in portable electronic devices.
Split-ring resonators (SRRs) offer unique electromagnetic properties suitable for filter design, but achieving dual-band operation with controlled bandwidths presents challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel synthesis method for compact dual-band bandpass filters based on split-ring resonators (SRRs).
To demonstrate precise control over the center frequencies and bandwidth ratio (BWR) of the two passbands.
To experimentally validate the proposed methodology using microstrip prototypes.

Main Methods:

The synthesis method combines coupling-matrix synthesis with an energy-based SRR model.
A control technique is employed to manage the center frequencies and bandwidth ratio (BWR) of the dual passbands.
Two third-order microstrip filter prototypes were fabricated on Rogers RO3010 substrate for experimental validation.

Main Results:

Two prototypes operating at 1.9 and 2.4 GHz were successfully fabricated and tested.
Measured results demonstrated asymmetric bandwidths with BWR values of approximately 0.5 and 1.9.
Achieved compact footprints of 32 × 12.37 mm² and 27.87 × 12.42 mm², with insertion losses as low as 0.6 dB.

Conclusions:

The proposed synthesis method effectively enables the design of compact dual-band bandpass filters with controllable asymmetric bandwidths.
Experimental validation confirmed the accuracy of the synthesis technique and the performance of the fabricated prototypes.
The methodology provides a viable approach for realizing compact planar dual-band filters without requiring reconfigurable elements.