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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Postoperative Ileus Murine Model

Postoperative Ileus Murine Model

Published on: July 12, 2024

A Systematic Scoping Review of Participant Descriptor, Diversity and Inclusivity Data Reported in Randomised Studies

Miriam Khalil¹, Edward Roberts¹, David G Jayne¹

¹Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.

ANZ Journal of Surgery

|June 12, 2026

Summary

Reporting of patient diversity in surgical trials is inconsistent, hindering generalizable results. Standardizing baseline descriptors in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for post-operative ileus is crucial for improving research inclusivity and comparability.

Keywords:

general surgery methods recovery

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Postoperative Ileus Murine Model

Postoperative Ileus Murine Model

Published on: July 12, 2024

Area of Science:

Surgical Research
Clinical Trial Methodology
Health Inequity

Background:

Inconsistent reporting of baseline participant characteristics, diversity, and inclusion data in surgical research limits the generalizability of findings across diverse populations.
Post-operative ileus was selected as an exemplar condition to assess reporting variations in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify the variation in baseline descriptor, inclusivity, and diversity data within RCTs focused on post-operative ileus.
To identify specific targets for improving the reporting of baseline descriptors in surgical research.

Main Methods:

A systematic literature search was conducted across MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases to identify relevant RCTs on post-operative ileus.
Two independent assessors screened studies, extracted baseline and diversity/inclusion descriptors, and performed a narrative synthesis to analyze variations and identify improvement areas.

Main Results:

Out of 4887 initially identified studies, 184 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. A total of 92 unique descriptors were reported, with a median of 6 descriptors per RCT.
Key patient characteristics relevant to post-operative ileus, such as baseline opioid use (2.2%) and prior surgery (20.7%), were infrequently reported. Age (98.4%) and sex/gender (82.6%) were most commonly reported.
Participant ethnicity was variably reported in only 9.8% of RCTs, and physical disability was not reported in any study.

Conclusions:

Significant heterogeneity exists in reporting baseline participant descriptors in post-operative ileus RCTs, with limited and often ambiguous data on diversity and inclusion.
Standardizing the reporting of these data is essential to enhance the comparability, representativeness, and overall quality of surgical research findings.