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Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

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People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about the way you...
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Introduction to Test of Independence01:21

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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Driving Under the Influence: How Music Listening Affects Driving Behaviors
07:25

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Published on: March 27, 2019

Within-Person and Between-Person Risk Perceptions Predict Driving After Drinking: An Ecological Momentary Assessment

Charles A Darmour1, Maria Costanza Benvenuti1, Jacob G Stork2

  • 1Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.

Alcohol, Clinical & Experimental Research
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Driving after drinking is influenced by daily perceptions of danger and intoxication. Interventions should combine subjective feelings with objective measures like breathalyzers to encourage safer choices.

Keywords:
alcohol consequencesalcohol‐impaired drivingdrinking and drivingecological momentary assessmentsubjective intoxication

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Published on: January 5, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Behavioral Science
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Alcohol-impaired driving (AID) is a major cause of traffic fatalities.
  • Many individuals drive after drinking despite negative attitudes toward AID.
  • Daily fluctuations in perceptions may explain inconsistent driving behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how stable patterns and daily changes in perceived danger, willingness to drive, and subjective intoxication predict driving after drinking.
  • To understand the role of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in capturing these dynamic factors.

Main Methods:

  • 113 participants completed 6 weeks of EMA.
  • Daily surveys assessed drinking and transport decisions.
  • Evening surveys measured perceived danger, willingness to drive, subjective intoxication, and breath alcohol concentration (BrAC).
  • Mixed-effects models analyzed predictors of driving behavior, controlling for BrAC.

Main Results:

  • Participants drove on nearly half of drinking days.
  • Increased perceived danger and subjective intoxication decreased likelihood of driving.
  • Higher willingness to drive increased likelihood of driving.
  • Individuals with stronger subjective alcohol effects drove less at high BrAC (≥0.05%).

Conclusions:

  • Daily changes in perceived driving danger and intoxication levels predict driving after drinking, even at high BrAC.
  • Subjective alcohol effects strongly influence responses to objective intoxication levels.
  • Real-time interventions combining subjective and objective measures can promote safer transportation choices.