Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Generation of High Quality Chromatin Immunoprecipitation DNA Template for High-throughput Sequencing (ChIP-seq)
Published on: April 19, 2013
Association of apolipoprotein E polymorphisms (E2, E3, E4) with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of case-control
Chaimae Zouine1,2, Mohamed Amine Ikhanjal1,3, Khaoula Errafii4
1Virology Environmental Health Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco.
Abstract:
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) accounts for over 90% of all diabetes cases and results from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. However, the association between apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphisms and T2D risk shows considerable variation across different populations. This meta-analysis aims to clarify the association between APOE genotypes and alleles (E2E2, E2E3, E2E4, E3E4, E4E4) and the risk of T2D. Additionally, it examines the association of demographic, clinical, and biochemical parameters with T2D risk in cases and controls. Relevant articles providing genotypic and allelic frequencies of APOE polymorphisms were sourced from Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, and PubMed databases. These articles focus on peer-reviewed human case-control studies published in English until February 27, 2024. Data on APOE polymorphisms, biochemical, and clinical parameters were extracted. Statistical tests were performed using Review Manager 4.3.1 with results expressed using ORs and 95% CIs. Publication bias and heterogeneity were assessed using the Q test and Egger regression analysis. Thirty-two studies involving 19644 participants. The statistical analysis showed that BMI, SBP, DBP, TC, and LDL-C could potentially indicate a higher risk of T2D in cases compared to controls. Significant associations with T2D were found for the APOE E4E4 genotype (OR =1.94, 95% CI= [1.16, 3.23], P = 0.01, I2=75%), and the E4 allele (OR=1.26, 95% CI= [1.11, 1.43], P = 0.0005, I2=55%). No significant associations were observed for the E2E2, E2E3, E2E4, and E3E4 genotypes, or the E2 allele (P > 0.05 for all). A significant association between APOE genotype E4E4 and allele E4 with T2D was confirmed in this meta-analysis.
Related Concept Videos
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...
