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A High-Current-Tolerant Multimetallic Phosphide Electrode for Alkaline Water Electrolysis Toward Industrial
Yang Li1, Chunling Lu1, Biao Wang1
1School of Science, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, China.
None:
The development of electrocatalysts that maintain high efficiency and durability at industrial current densities remains a pivotal challenge for alkaline water electrolysis. Here, we present a high-performance phosphide-modified multimetallic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst, NiFe0.33RuOx@P, with high-current-tolerant and low noble-metal content. In this catalyst, Ni and Fe mainly exist as phosphide-derived species with partial surface oxidation, while Ru is predominantly present as RuP-like active domains embedded in the multimetallic matrix. The electrolyzer with a Ni foam anode and NiFe0.33RuOx@P cathode delivers an exceptional current density of 1.7 A cm-2 at 2.0 V under 6 M KOH (≈ 30%) at 70°C, demonstrating outstanding industrial-level performance. This catalyst requires an overpotential of only 72 mV to achieve 100 mA cm-2 for HER in 1 M KOH, lower than commercial Pt/C. Critically, it sustains stable operation for over 200 h in 6.0 M KOH at 500 mA cm-2. Scalability is confirmed on a 25 cm2 electrode, underscoring its practical potential. The exceptional stability and activity are rooted in a phosphorus-tuned electronic structure that yields a near-optimal hydrogen adsorption free energy (ΔGH* tuned from +0.498 to -0.153 eV).
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