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Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Heart Rate01:30

Factors Influencing Heart Rate

The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
Let us explore the significant factors affecting heart rate, including age, body temperature, posture, acute pain, chemical influences,...
Regulation of Pulse01:20

Regulation of Pulse

Pulse regulation involves physiological mechanisms that ensure adequate blood flow throughout the body. The heartbeat, regulated by the autonomic nervous system, is influenced by hormonal balance, physical activity, and emotional state.
Pulse01:16

Pulse

When the heart pumps blood out, arterial elastic fibers play a crucial role in sustaining a high-pressure gradient. They expand to accommodate the received blood and then recoil - a process known as the pulse that can be either manually palpated or electronically quantified. Despite a reduction in its effect with increased distance from the heart, elements of the pulse's systolic and diastolic components persist, observable even at the arteriole level.
The pulse serves as a clinical indicator...
Pulse01:05

Pulse

The pulse is one of the most fundamental physiological indicators of the body's cardiovascular health. It is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of the arterial walls in response to the pressure generated by the heart's pumping action.
Pulse Rate and its Significance
Pulse rate, often measured in beats per minute (bpm), reflects the heart rate (HR), which is influenced by numerous factors such as stress, physical activity, and hormonal changes. A normal resting adult pulse rate falls between...
Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac muscle...
Special considerations while measuring pulse01:13

Special considerations while measuring pulse

Assessing a patient's pulse is a fundamental skill in healthcare, but certain situations require special attention:

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Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Calculating Heart Rate Variability from ECG Data from Youth with Cerebral Palsy During Active Video Game Sessions
08:12

Calculating Heart Rate Variability from ECG Data from Youth with Cerebral Palsy During Active Video Game Sessions

Published on: June 5, 2019

Pulse Rate Variability Is Not the Same as Heart Rate Variability: Implications for Sports Performance and Injury

Kfir Ben-David1,2, Allen B Kantrowitz3, Michael Morris4,5

  • 1Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, 33140, USA.

Sports Medicine - Open
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Photoplethysmography-pulse rate variability (PPG-PRV) does not accurately track athlete autonomic function compared to electrocardiogram-heart rate variability (ECG-HRV). PRV shows significant delays, potentially causing missed opportunities for performance monitoring.

Keywords:
American footballAthletesAutonomic nervous systemElectrocardiographyPhotoplethysmographyWearable technology

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Autonomic Function Following Concussion in Youth Athletes: An Exploration of Heart Rate Variability Using 24-hour Recording Methodology
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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Physiology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Heart rate variability (HRV) via ECG monitors autonomic function.
  • Wearable devices often use photoplethysmography (PPG) for pulse rate variability (PRV).
  • The agreement between PRV and HRV in athletes is not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the agreement between PRV and HRV in beat-to-beat analysis.
  • To assess if PRV can detect autonomic deviations similarly to HRV.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed data from 103 Division I collegiate American football athletes over three seasons.
  • Measured heart rate (HR), pulse rate (PR), rMSSD, and SDNN.
  • Utilized Bland-Altman analysis and sliding-window z-score threshold-crossing analysis.

Main Results:

  • PPG-PRV values (rMSSD, SDNN) were lower than ECG-HRV.
  • Bland-Altman analysis revealed negative bias for PRV indices.
  • PRV detected fewer autonomic events and showed a 1.8-5.5 day delay compared to HRV.

Conclusions:

  • PPG-PRV is not an equivalent surrogate for ECG-HRV in tracking autonomic function.
  • The delay in PRV response hinders timely intervention for autonomic deterioration.
  • Using 'HRV' for PPG-derived data can cause confusion among researchers and consumers.