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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Evaluation of Microbial Safety of Dairies using Bacterial Proteomic Profiling via MALDI Approach
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Pan-tissue transcriptomic profiling of dairy cattle.

Jinfeng He1, Ruike Jia1, Aixia Du1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology
|June 13, 2026
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

This study maps dairy cattle gene expression across 166 tissues, revealing tissue-specific genes and regulatory networks crucial for milk production. It provides a comprehensive resource for understanding whole-organism gene regulation in cattle.

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Animal Science

Background:

  • Milk production is a complex trait regulated by coordinated gene expression across tissues.
  • Previous studies focused on limited tissues, leaving whole-organism regulation poorly understood.
  • Tissue-specific contributions of non-coding RNA, splicing, and polyadenylation remain uncharacterized at scale.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically characterize tissue-specific transcriptomic and post-transcriptional profiles across multiple dairy cattle tissues.
  • To identify tissue-specific genes and their regulatory networks.
  • To provide a comprehensive resource for dairy cattle research.

Main Methods:

  • Generated RNA-sequencing data from 99 tissues of two Holstein cows.
Keywords:
Alternative polyadenylationAlternative splicingCross-species analysisDairy cattleNon-coding RNAsPan-tissue transcriptomic profile

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  • Integrated data with 400 public RNA-seq samples from 182 cows, covering 166 tissues.
  • Utilized one-versus-all framework for gene identification, RNA-RNA interaction prediction, and rMATS for post-transcriptional analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified tissue-specific genes, with highly active tissues showing more.
    • Discovered potential RNA-RNA interactions linked to non-coding RNA networks.
    • Characterized alternative splicing (skipped/mutually exclusive exons) and polyadenylation site usage across tissues.
    • Cross-species analysis showed conserved tissue clustering, with exceptions like the oviduct.

    Conclusions:

    • Established an integrative multi-tissue transcriptomic and post-transcriptional regulatory profile for dairy cattle.
    • Provides a valuable resource for studying tissue-specific gene regulation.
    • Highlights the importance of pan-tissue analysis for understanding complex traits.