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Influenza Vaccination Among Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes in Denmark: Coverage, Persistence, and Determinants,
Vithiya Karunakaran1,2, Ida Borreby Pedersen1,2, Astrid Hjelholt1,2,3,4
1Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism
|June 14, 2026
Summary
Influenza vaccination coverage in type 1 diabetes patients in Denmark remains low, necessitating targeted strategies. Factors like longer diabetes duration and lower education are linked to non-vaccination, guiding future preventive efforts.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Diabetes Management
Background:
- Individuals with type 1 diabetes are at increased risk for influenza complications.
- Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for this population.
- Understanding vaccination coverage and influencing factors is crucial for public health interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess influenza vaccination coverage (IVC) and persistence in individuals with type 1 diabetes in Denmark.
- To identify clinical, demographic, and socioeconomic factors associated with vaccination status.
- To inform targeted vaccination strategies for this high-risk group.
Main Methods:
- Nationwide, register-based cohort study in Denmark (2015-2022).
- Inclusion of individuals aged 1-64 years with type 1 diabetes.
- Poisson regression used to analyze associations between non-vaccination/non-persistence and various factors.
Main Results:
- Influenza vaccination coverage (IVC) in 2015/16 was 5.6% (children) and 18.3% (adults), increasing to 15.7% and 41.8% by 2021/22.
- Factors associated with non-vaccination included longer diabetes duration, higher HbA1c, male sex, younger age, and lower educational attainment.
- Similar factors influenced vaccination persistence, defined as vaccination in >80% of eligible seasons.
Conclusions:
- Influenza vaccination coverage among individuals with type 1 diabetes in Denmark is significantly below WHO targets.
- Targeted vaccination strategies are essential to improve IVC in this population.
- Identifying sociodemographic and clinical factors aids in prioritizing preventive efforts for at-risk groups.
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