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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Colorectal Cancer Cell Surface Protein Profiling Using an Antibody Microarray and Fluorescence Multiplexing
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Mapping the Aggregated Behavioural Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer by Small Areas Across Australia.

Belinda C Goodwin1,2,3, Larry S Myers1,4, Nicole Perry1

  • 1Viertel Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Council Queensland, Fortitude Valley, Queensland, Australia.

The Australian Journal of Rural Health
|June 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Disadvantaged and rural Australians face higher colorectal cancer risks due to modifiable behaviors. A new index highlights these disparities, informing targeted health interventions to reduce incidence and mortality gaps.

Keywords:
Australiacolorectal neoplasmshealth status disparitiesrisk factorsrural populationsocioeconomic factors

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Health Disparities Research

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and survival rates exhibit significant disparities, particularly affecting disadvantaged and rural populations in Australia.
  • Existing research highlights the role of modifiable lifestyle factors in CRC development, but localized data on their combined prevalence is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a composite indicator of multiple modifiable risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC).
  • To visualize the relative prevalence of these CRC risk factors across Australian small-area level geographies and socio-economic status (SES) strata.
  • To identify geographical and socio-economic disparities in CRC risk factor accumulation.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional ecological analysis was conducted using data from the 2020-2021 Australian National Health Survey.
  • Data from 9,796 adult participants across 2,350 small areas were utilized to calculate CRC risk index scores based on smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, and physical activity.
  • Bayesian spatial modeling was employed to generate mean index scores for each small area, which were then compared across SES quintiles and geographical remoteness categories.

Main Results:

  • Areas outside major cities generally exhibited moderate-to-high CRC risk index scores (mean 0.44, SD 0.25), contrasting with major cities' lower but more variable scores (mean 0.34, SD 0.21).
  • Disadvantaged areas demonstrated higher mean risk scores (0.39, SD 0.21) compared to advantaged areas (0.33, SD 0.21), a trend consistent across SES indicators.
  • Observed patterns suggest a higher concentration of modifiable CRC risk factors in socio-economically disadvantaged and geographically remote regions.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals residing in areas further from major cities and in socio-economically disadvantaged regions are potentially more exposed to multiple modifiable colorectal cancer risk factors.
  • The developed CRC risk index, when applied to geographically representative data, can effectively inform targeted health promotion strategies and localized interventions.
  • This approach can aid in reducing CRC risk and mitigating the existing socio-economic and geographical disparities in incidence and mortality.