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Related Concept Videos

Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Epistasis01:39

Epistasis

In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Sampling Strategies and Processing of Biobank Tissue Samples from Porcine Biomedical Models
05:07

Sampling Strategies and Processing of Biobank Tissue Samples from Porcine Biomedical Models

Published on: March 6, 2018

Heritability Patterns of Protein-Coding Genes Expression: Insights From the Pig Genotype-Tissue Expression Project.

Chao Su1, Wenjing Zhang1, Wenzhe Ning1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.

Animal Genetics
|June 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pigs show high global and distal genetic control over protein-coding gene expression, unlike local control. This reveals insights into genetic regulation in pigs, valuable for human biology research.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Sampling Strategies and Processing of Biobank Tissue Samples from Porcine Biomedical Models
05:07

Sampling Strategies and Processing of Biobank Tissue Samples from Porcine Biomedical Models

Published on: March 6, 2018

Identification of Coding and Non-coding RNA Classes Expressed in Swine Whole Blood
09:40

Identification of Coding and Non-coding RNA Classes Expressed in Swine Whole Blood

Published on: November 28, 2018

Robust Comparison of Protein Levels Across Tissues and Throughout Development Using Standardized Quantitative Western Blotting
08:13

Robust Comparison of Protein Levels Across Tissues and Throughout Development Using Standardized Quantitative Western Blotting

Published on: April 9, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Animal Genetics

Background:

  • Gene expression underpins complex traits, with protein-coding genes (PCGs) directly impacting protein function.
  • Understanding cis- and trans-regulatory mechanisms is key, but pig PCG expression heritability is understudied.
  • Pigs serve as valuable models for human biology research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively analyze the heritability patterns of protein-coding gene expression across multiple pig tissues.
  • To estimate cis-, trans-, and global-heritability of PCG expression using genomic and transcriptomic data.
  • To compare the genetic regulation of housekeeping genes (HKGs) and tissue-specific genes (TSGs).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genomic and transcriptomic data from 4760 pigs (PigGTEx project) across 13 tissues.
  • Applied linear mixed models (LMMs) to estimate cis-, trans-, and global-heritability of PCG expression.
  • Analyzed the relationship between heritability, expression levels, and cis-expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTLs).

Main Results:

  • Average cis-heritability was 0.13, significantly lower than trans- (0.64) and global-heritability (0.67).
  • Cis-regulatory variants explained minor expression variance; single strong variants were near transcription start sites (TSS).
  • Housekeeping genes (HKGs) showed genome-wide genetic influence, while tissue-specific genes (TSGs) were primarily affected by cis-region variants.

Conclusions:

  • Gene expression heritability in pigs is predominantly controlled by distal and global genetic factors, not just local cis-elements.
  • This study provides a detailed map of genetic regulation for PCG expression in pigs.
  • Findings enhance understanding of genetic architecture in pigs, relevant for comparative genomics and human biology.