Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Quantification of Violacein in Chromobacterium violaceum and Its Inhibition by Bioactive Compounds
07:13

Quantification of Violacein in Chromobacterium violaceum and Its Inhibition by Bioactive Compounds

Published on: August 8, 2025

Multi-Target Bactericidal Mechanisms of Cinnamon Essential Oil Against Xanthomonas euvesicatoria: Transcriptomic

Yu Na Kim1, Hyo-Song Nam2, Jang Hoon Lee3

  • 1Digital Crop Hospital Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.

The Plant Pathology Journal
|June 15, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Cinnamon essential oil (CEO) effectively combats Xanthomonas euvesicatoria by disrupting cell membranes and energy production. This natural antimicrobial shows promise as a sustainable biopesticide for crop protection.

Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Microbiology
  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Plant Pathology

Background:

  • Xanthomonas euvesicatoria is a significant agricultural pathogen.
  • The antimicrobial mechanisms of cinnamon essential oil (CEO) against this pathogen are not fully understood.
  • CEO is recognized for its potent antimicrobial properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the multi-target mechanisms of CEO against Xanthomonas euvesicatoria.
  • To investigate the physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic responses of X. euvesicatoria to CEO.
  • To assess the potential of CEO as a sustainable biopesticide.

Main Methods:

  • Microdilution assays for antibacterial efficacy.
  • Scanning electron microscopy for cell morphology.
  • Biochemical assays for ATP synthesis and osmotic stress.
  • RNA sequencing (RNAseq) for transcriptomic analysis.

Main Results:

  • CEO demonstrated dose-dependent antibacterial activity (MIC: 400 mg/L, EC50: 164 mg/L).
  • CEO compromised cell membrane integrity, increased osmotic stress sensitivity, and inhibited biofilm formation.
  • Sub-lethal CEO exposure disrupted ATP synthesis, arrested cell division, and altered gene expression, downregulating energy metabolism and cell division genes while upregulating oxidative stress response genes.

Conclusions:

  • CEO exhibits synergistic, multi-target bactericidal activity against X. euvesicatoria.
  • CEO dismantles membrane energetics, suppresses metabolism, and represses vital cellular processes.
  • CEO holds significant potential as a sustainable, resistance-breaking biopesticide for crop protection.
Keywords:
RNA-seqXanthomonas euvesicatoriaantimicrobial mechanismbiofilm inhibitioncinnamon essential oil

More Related Videos

Unveiling Xenobiotic Transport and Effects in Isolated Mitochondria: Insights from Respirometric and Enzymatic Assays08:03

Unveiling Xenobiotic Transport and Effects in Isolated Mitochondria: Insights from Respirometric and Enzymatic Assays

Published on: March 7, 2025

Related Concept Videos

Biological Methods for Microbial Control01:28

Biological Methods for Microbial Control

Biological agents offer an effective means of controlling microbial growth by leveraging natural processes like predation, competition, and the secretion of antimicrobial substances.Predatory bacteria such as Bdellovibrio species target and kill pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli. They are widely used in poultry farms to control infections. Myxococcus species help combat plant-pathogenic fungi. These naturally occurring predators serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and...
Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
Antimicrobial Effectiveness01:28

Antimicrobial Effectiveness

The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis01:28

Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis

Bacterial pathogens depend on precise and efficient DNA replication to sustain infection. Two type II topoisomerases—DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV—are critical to this process, as they resolve DNA supercoiling and unlink chromosomes during replication. Fluoroquinolones, synthetic derivatives of quinolones, exploit this mechanism by stabilizing the transient DNA–enzyme cleavage complex, preventing strand religation, and causing lethal double-strand breaks. These antibiotics are selectively...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...