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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators
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Published on: April 25, 2020

Ionic Wind Cooling Enables High-Frequency Shape Memory Alloy Actuators for Origami-Inspired Soft Robotics.

Feng Zhang1, Jing Jiang2, Lei Wang2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|June 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Ionic wind cooling significantly speeds up shape memory alloy (SMA) recovery in soft robotics. This innovation enhances SMA-driven soft robotic systems

Keywords:
compression–twisting coupled moduleionic wind coolingorigami mechanismsreconfigurable robotic armshape memory alloy actuators

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Area of Science:

  • Robotics
  • Materials Science
  • Thermal Management

Background:

  • Shape memory alloys (SMAs) offer compact, high power density for soft robotic actuation.
  • Slow thermal recovery currently limits the widespread application and cyclic performance of SMA-driven soft robots.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate ionic wind cooling as a thermal management strategy for SMA actuators.
  • To enhance the cyclic actuation performance and dynamic response of SMA-driven soft robotic systems.

Main Methods:

  • Designed and compared two ionic wind configurations for localized cooling of SMA springs.
  • Integrated the optimal needle-ring ionic wind configuration with SMA springs and an origami-based mechanism.
  • Extended the cooling strategy to a reconfigurable soft robotic arm with multiple SMA modules.

Main Results:

  • Both ionic wind configurations significantly accelerated SMA recovery with minimal power input.
  • The needle-ring configuration demonstrated superior stability and compactness.
  • Developed a soft twisting module with over 80° reversible rotation and a reconfigurable robotic arm capable of complex movements.

Conclusions:

  • Ionic wind cooling effectively overcomes the slow thermal recovery bottleneck in SMAs.
  • This strategy enhances individual actuator performance and improves system-level dynamic response.
  • Ionic wind cooling is a compact and efficient method for advancing SMA-driven soft robotics.