MXene-Coated, Multi-Layered Mulberry Paper-Based Flexible Tactile Sensor With High Sensitivity Over a Wide Pressure...

Highly sensitive, paper-based tactile sensors utilizing conductive nanomaterials have attracted significant attention due to their porosity, foldability, and mechanical flexibility. However, achieving sensitivity above 10 kPa^-1 across a wide pressure range remains a key challenge. In this study, we present a flexible tactile sensor based on stacked mulberry paper coated with Ti₃C₂T_x MXene. Owing to the hydrophilic nature of mulberry paper, the MXene layers conformally coat the fibrous network via dip coating. The rough, porous surface and multi-layered architecture enhance contact resistance modulation, enabling high sensitivity (>15 kPa^-1) over a broad pressure range (1-1000 kPa). We systematically investigate the effects of paper type, stacking configuration, and MXene loading to optimize sensor performance. The resulting device exhibits rapid response, durability over 1000 loading cycles, and consistent reproducibility. Its high flexibility and paper-fabric-based structure allow seamless integration into wearable platforms such as gloves and wristbands, enabling real-time monitoring of finger motion, arterial pulse, and touch intensity. Additionally, the wide detection range supports applications in Morse code signaling and CPR training feedback systems through wireless communication. These findings highlight MXene-coated mulberry paper as a scalable, durable, and cost-effective platform for wearable electronics requiring a balanced combination of high sensitivity and broad-range pressure detection.