Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Fabrication of Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 Thermoelectric Thin Films using Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering Technique
Published on: May 17, 2024
Overcoming high-temperature performance limitations: Multidimensional design and innovation of thin-film
Zhongkai Zhang1, Tianci Zhang1, Zhaojun Liu1
1State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
Abstract:
Thin-film thermocouples (TFTCs) are known for their thinness, low thermal mass, fast response time, and low interference with component structure and flow field. High-temperature sensors have become an essential technological area for high-temperature tests of advanced equipment such as aeroengines and hypersonic vehicles. This paper presents a systematic review of research advancements in high-temperature thin-film thermocouples (HT-TFTCs) across five core dimensions: material systems, structural design, fabrication processes, failure mechanisms and protection, and self-healing technologies. In addition, this paper outlines future development trends. In order to enhance the development of HT-TFTCs with long service life and high reliability, as well as intelligent applications, it is necessary to strengthen multi-dimensional collaborative design and integrated innovation, further promote self-healing technology with intelligent regeneration, and overcome performance limitations.
Related Concept Videos
Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 55 °C.
Thermal Stress
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II
Mechanism of heat transfer
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant heat.
Thermal Strain

