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A Delayed Presentation of Salt-Wasting Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase
Bayan Manaf Ghareeb1, Fatema Naser Shakeeb1, Maryam Busehail2
1Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Busaiteen, BHR.
Insights
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) can present later in life. A two-month-old infant experienced a life-threatening adrenal crisis due to 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (3β-HSD2) deficiency, highlighting diagnostic challenges.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Genetics
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) comprises inherited disorders of adrenal steroid synthesis.
- CAH can cause adrenal insufficiency, salt-wasting crises, and disorders of sex development.
- While often diagnosed neonatally, rarer defects present later, complicating diagnosis.
Abstract:
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of inherited disorders affecting adrenal steroid synthesis and can lead to adrenal insufficiency, salt-wasting crises, and disorders of sex development. Most cases are identified in the neonatal period; however, rarer enzymatic defects may present later, making diagnosis more challenging. We report a case of classical salt-wasting CAH most consistent with 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (3β-HSD2) deficiency in a two-month-old infant who presented with sudden cardiac arrest due to adrenal crisis. The infant had been clinically well since birth, with no early features suggestive of adrenal insufficiency. Prompt recognition and initiation of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid therapy led to rapid clinical stabilization. This case highlights the marked variability in the clinical presentation of classical 3β-HSD2 deficiency and emphasizes that severe, life-threatening adrenal crises may occur beyond the neonatal period, even in the absence of early warning signs.
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