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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

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Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children
Published on: December 31, 2017
Test, Treat, Repopulate™ method reduces red complex bacteria and stabilizes the oral microbiome
Rachelle Beattie McAliley1, Lora Hooper2, Kami Hoss3
1ProBiora Health, LLC, Sarasota, FL, United States.
Frontiers in Dental Medicine
|June 15, 2026
Summary
The Test, Treat, Repopulate method significantly reduced key oral pathogens like Streptococcus mutans and improved oral microbiome health. This precision oral care protocol offers lasting benefits for diverse populations.
Area of Science:
- Oral microbiome research
- Microbial pathogenesis
- Precision dentistry
Background:
- Preventable oral diseases like tooth decay and gum disease are significant public health issues.
- Complex polymicrobial interactions drive oral disease, limiting traditional treatments.
- Understanding the oral microbiome is crucial for developing effective interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of the Test, Treat, Repopulate (TTR) method on the oral microbiome.
- To assess the TTR protocol's impact on key bacterial and viral oral pathogens.
- To provide a data-driven framework for precision oral healthcare.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of RT-qPCR salivary diagnostic data from 38 U.S. patients.
- The TTR protocol included scaling, root planing, antibiotics, prebiotic toothpaste/rinse, and oral probiotics.
- Pre- and post-treatment samples were compared, with comparisons to a national dataset.
Main Results:
- Significant reductions in seven key bacterial species, including Streptococcus mutans, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia.
- Reductions observed in additional pathogens like Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis.
- Minimal impact on Candida albicans; assessment of four viral targets was included.
Conclusions:
- The TTR method demonstrates effectiveness in reducing oral pathogens and improving oral microbiome health.
- The protocol shows potential for lasting improvements in oral health across diverse populations.
- Findings support a reproducible, data-driven framework for precision oral healthcare.
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