Targeting mTOR in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: From Immune Cell Dysfunction to Clinical Translation.

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Molecular Biology
• Rheumatology

Background:

• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease driven by immune cell dysfunction, autoantibodies, and immune complex deposition.
• The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway regulates immune cell proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine secretion, playing a key role in SLE pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the biological functions of mTOR in immune cells.
• To summarize the therapeutic effects of mTOR inhibitors in SLE.
• To discuss the potential of mTOR-targeted therapies and combination strategies for SLE.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on mTOR signaling in SLE.
• Analysis of the impact of mTOR on various immune cell populations.
• Evaluation of clinical data on mTOR inhibitor efficacy in SLE patients.

Main Results:

• mTOR inhibition effectively alleviates SLE clinical symptoms and delays disease progression.
• mTOR inhibitors reduce disease activity and allow for glucocorticoid-sparing in SLE treatment.
• Limited efficacy and adverse effects are noted in certain SLE subsets, and efficacy in lupus nephritis requires further investigation.

Conclusions:

• mTOR signaling is a critical factor in SLE pathogenesis.
• mTOR inhibitors represent a promising therapeutic strategy for SLE, with potential for glucocorticoid-sparing.
• Combination therapies targeting both mTOR-dependent and independent pathways may be necessary for optimal SLE management.