Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting
Published on: June 6, 2020
Investigating Cancer literacy and help-seeking barriers among individuals with intellectual disabilities in Hungary
Mohammed Elmadani1,2,3, Simon Klara1, Godfrey Mbaabu Limungi1
1Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
Objective:
This study examined cancer literacy and help-seeking barriers among adults with intellectual disabilities in Hungary.
Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted between October 2024 and January 2026 with 380 adults with mild-to-moderate intellectual disabilities, recruited using simple random sampling within institutional and community-based settings. Cancer knowledge and perceived barriers were assessed using an adapted, easy-to-read Cancer Awareness Measure (CAM). Data were analyzed using nonparametric tests and multivariable linear regression with bootstrapped confidence intervals.
Results:
Participants showed moderate knowledge of warning signs (61.3% of maximum) and risk factors (66.3%), but poor knowledge of prevention (53.7%) and a moderate level of perceived barriers (50.7%). Living with family was independently associated with higher barriers, whereas care home residence was associated with higher risk factors and prevention knowledge in bivariate analyses. Employment and marital status were associated with multiple outcomes. Greater risk-factor knowledge was associated with higher barriers, whereas greater prevention knowledge was associated with fewer barriers.
Conclusions:
Primary prevention knowledge gaps persist, and structural factors such as living arrangements and employment are associated with help-seeking. Accessible, prevention-focused education and system-level adaptations may support earlier detection and improved outcomes.
Related Concept Videos
Health Literacy
Intellectual Disability
Nursing Ethical Principles II
Consider the following scenario, which illustrates how these principles are applied in the care of Mr. John, a fifty-year-old teacher diagnosed with metastatic liver cancer.
Initially, Mr. John's cancer...
Learning Disabilities
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Barriers to Effective Communication II
Cultural barriers:
Differences in values, beliefs, religion, knowledge, and tradition can significantly impact communication. Awareness of nonverbal cues is critical, especially when conversing with a patient from a different culture. What appears appropriate in one culture may be inappropriate in another.
Semantic barriers:
As a result of their tendency to use...
Cancer Prevention
Some...
