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Immobilization of Urease Nanoflowers on a Conjugated Polymer Thin Film for Enhanced Catalytic and Optoelectronic

Cléber Gomes de Jesus¹, Luciano Caseli¹, Laura Oliveira Péres¹

¹Laboratory of Hybrid Materials, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil.

|June 15, 2026

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Enzyme-hybrid nanoflowers immobilized on conjugated polymer films show retained ureolytic activity and potential for biosensor applications. These novel films offer enhanced biocatalysis and optoelectronic properties for functional devices.

Area of Science:

Biocatalysis and Nanotechnology
Materials Science and Engineering

Background:

Enzyme-hybrid nanoflowers (EHNs) offer superior surface area and catalytic activity compared to free enzymes in solution.
Limited research exists on integrating EHNs into solid supports for practical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To fabricate and characterize thin films of urease/Cu²⁺ hybrid nanoflowers and conjugated polymers.
To evaluate the biocatalytic and optoelectronic potential of these immobilized enzyme films.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of films using drop-casting and spin-coating techniques.
Characterization via ultraviolet-visible, infrared, and fluorescence spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.
Assessment of ureolytic activity, substrate affinity (Michaelis-Menten constant), and reusability.

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Main Results:

Immobilized urease nanoflowers retained significant ureolytic activity, with some films outperforming polymer/bare-urease controls.
Substrate affinity remained comparable to solution-based EHNs, indicating minimal loss upon immobilization.
Nanoflower-based films demonstrated robust performance over three reusability cycles.

Conclusions:

Conjugated polymer/enzyme-hybrid nanoflower films possess promising catalytic and optoelectronic properties.
These findings support the potential application of these films in advanced biosensors and functional devices.