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Related Concept Videos

Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation01:19

The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation

A postsynaptic neuron usually receives numerous impulses from several other presynaptic neurons. The axon hillock of the postsynaptic neuron integrates all these signals and determines the likelihood of firing an action potential.
Sometimes a single EPSP is strong enough to induce an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. However, multiple presynaptic inputs must often create EPSPs around the same time for the postsynaptic neuron to be sufficiently depolarized to fire an action potential.
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism.
Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Enrichment of Mammalian Tissues and Xenopus Oocytes with Cholesterol
10:12

Enrichment of Mammalian Tissues and Xenopus Oocytes with Cholesterol

Published on: March 25, 2020

Cholesterol and Cholesterol-Derived Molecules Differentially Modulate Neuronal Kv7.2/7.3 Channels.

Elif Karabatak1, Ronewa Nematswerani2, Vivian Meiritz1

  • 1Institut für Physiologie I, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.

Archiv Der Pharmazie
|June 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cholesterol and its derivatives differentially modulate Kv7.2/7.3 potassium channels. Some compounds reduce currents, while others, like CHIM-L-NBD, enhance them, offering potential therapeutic tools.

Keywords:
Kv7cholesterolelectrophysiologyion channelsmodulators

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Study of the Functions and Activities of Neuronal K-Cl Co-Transporter KCC2 Using Western Blotting
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Study of the Functions and Activities of Neuronal K-Cl Co-Transporter KCC2 Using Western Blotting

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Enrichment of Mammalian Tissues and Xenopus Oocytes with Cholesterol
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Profiling Voltage-gated Potassium Channel mRNA Expression in Nigral Neurons using Single-cell RT-PCR Techniques
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Profiling Voltage-gated Potassium Channel mRNA Expression in Nigral Neurons using Single-cell RT-PCR Techniques

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Study of the Functions and Activities of Neuronal K-Cl Co-Transporter KCC2 Using Western Blotting
10:08

Study of the Functions and Activities of Neuronal K-Cl Co-Transporter KCC2 Using Western Blotting

Published on: December 9, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Kv7 potassium channels regulate cellular excitability via outward potassium currents.
  • Cholesterol's effects on ion channels are known but not fully understood for Kv7 channels.
  • Cholesterol derivatives' influence on Kv7 channels requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of cholesterol and its derivatives on Kv7.2/7.3 channels.
  • To characterize concentration-dependent effects and structural influences on channel modulation.
  • To explore the potential of cholesterol derivatives as modulators of Kv7.2/7.3 channel activity.

Main Methods:

  • Heterologous expression of Kv7.2/7.3 channels in HEK293FT cells.
  • Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings to measure potassium currents.
  • Application of cholesterol, steroid hormones, and cholesterol derivatives (CHIMs).

Main Results:

  • High cholesterol concentrations (1 mM) reduced Kv7.2/7.3 current amplitudes.
  • Cholesterol derivatives (CHIMs) also reduced currents, but CHIM-L-NBD enhanced them.
  • Steroid hormones (progesterone, 17β-estradiol) inhibited currents, with progesterone altering activation curves.

Conclusions:

  • Kv7.2/7.3 channels exhibit differential responses to cholesterol and its structural modifications.
  • Cholesterol derivatives can act as tool compounds with opposing modulatory effects on Kv7.2/7.3 channels.
  • Findings suggest distinct mechanisms for cholesterol-derived molecule interactions with Kv7 channels.