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Related Concept Videos

Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation01:23

Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation

Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) are essential methods in respiratory care. These ventilation techniques offer unique benefits for patients with various respiratory conditions, providing adequate support without requiring intubation. Let's explore how each method is crucial in improving patient outcomes and enhancing respiratory therapy.
Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV)
Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen01:16

Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen

Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
Venturi Mask
The Venturi mask, named after the Venturi effect, is designed to deliver precise oxygen concentrations. It consists of a large tube with an oxygen inlet that narrows down, causing a pressure drop that pulls air in through adjustable side ports. The mask is a lightweight,...
Venous Return01:04

Venous Return

The circulatory system plays a crucial role in ensuring the optimal functioning of the human body. One of its critical components is venous return - the process that completes the blood circulation cycle. This article will delve into the concept of venous return, how it works, and its significance to our health.
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Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask01:26

Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask

The human body requires oxygen to function, and when the natural process of respiration is hindered, external devices, including the following, are needed to help deliver this vital gas.
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Suggested flow rate: The suggested flow rate for a nasal cannula typically ranges between 1 and 6 L/min.
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Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation01:23

Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation

Ventilators are essential medical equipment used to aid patients with respiratory difficulties. Their primary function is to assist or replace spontaneous breathing by providing mechanical ventilation. There are two general classes of mechanical ventilators: negative-pressure and positive-pressure ventilators.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Peripheral Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Without Left Ventricular Venting
03:40

Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Peripheral Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Without Left Ventricular Venting

Published on: January 17, 2025

Digital performance testing reveals how redesigned return cannulas can enhance VV-ECMO performance.

Beata Ondrusova1, Argyrios Petras2, Johannes Szasz3

  • 1Institute for Mathematical Methods in Medicine and Data Based Modeling, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria.

Intensive Care Medicine Experimental
|June 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

New return cannula designs for veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) significantly reduce recirculation and improve oxygen delivery, especially at high flow rates. These advancements are crucial for optimizing VV-ECMO in patients with severe respiratory failure.

Keywords:
Computational fluid dynamicsHemolysisRecirculation fractionThrombosisVeno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

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Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Mouse
06:41

Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Mouse

Published on: October 24, 2018

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Peripheral Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Without Left Ventricular Venting
03:40

Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Peripheral Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Without Left Ventricular Venting

Published on: January 17, 2025

Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Mouse
06:41

Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Mouse

Published on: October 24, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Engineering
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Respiratory Physiology

Background:

  • Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) supports patients with severe respiratory failure.
  • Recirculation, where oxygenated blood returns to the drainage cannula, limits effective oxygen delivery.
  • Optimizing VV-ECMO is critical given current survival rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of novel return cannula designs on VV-ECMO performance.
  • To evaluate recirculation, oxygen delivery, and risks of thrombosis and hemolysis.
  • To identify design modifications that enhance oxygen delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Computational modeling was employed to simulate VV-ECMO scenarios.
  • Six return cannula designs (two commercial, four novel) were tested.
  • Simulations were conducted at ECMO flow rates of 2, 4, and 6 L/min.

Main Results:

  • At low flow (2 L/min), all cannulas performed similarly with minimal recirculation.
  • At high flow (6 L/min), closed-tip cannulas reduced recirculation by 40-50%.
  • Novel cannulas increased oxygen saturation by 6% and partial pressure of oxygen by up to 151% without increasing thrombosis or hemolysis risks.

Conclusions:

  • Novel return cannula designs can significantly improve VV-ECMO efficiency.
  • These designs are particularly beneficial for patients with severe lung impairment.
  • Optimized cannula design is key to enhancing patient outcomes on VV-ECMO.