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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

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Direct modal wavefront estimation from speckle images.

Daniel Leporda, Nicholas Devaney

    Optics Letters
    |June 15, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study introduces a novel method for estimating wavefront aberrations using speckle images. The technique accurately reconstructs Zernike coefficients, outperforming existing methods in noisy conditions and for small aberrations.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Wavefront Sensing
    • Image Processing

    Background:

    • Wavefront sensing is crucial for adaptive optics and optical system characterization.
    • Traditional methods like Shack-Hartmann sensors have limitations in certain conditions.
    • Speckle imaging offers an alternative approach for wavefront estimation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a direct method for estimating modal wavefront coefficients from diffuser speckle images.
    • To compare the proposed method's performance against the established Demon algorithm.
    • To validate the method experimentally against Shack-Hartmann measurements.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing intensity differences between reference and distorted speckle patterns.
    • Employing a least-squares formulation based on a first-order Taylor expansion.

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  • Simulating performance across various aberration levels and noise conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Accurate reconstruction of Zernike coefficients was demonstrated in simulations.
    • The proposed method showed superior performance to the Demon algorithm under low aberration and high noise.
    • Experimental results showed good agreement with Shack-Hartmann measurements.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed method provides a robust and accurate approach for direct wavefront estimation from speckle images.
    • This technique is particularly advantageous in scenarios with significant detector noise.
    • The findings support the use of speckle-based methods for advanced optical metrology.