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Exploring the potential of artificial intelligence and machine learning in orthopaedic surgery
Leah J G Cohen1, Jie J Yao, Claudette Lajam
1NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.
Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Disease (2013)
|June 15, 2026
Summary
Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming medicine, especially orthopaedic surgery, with tools enhancing efficiency and patient care. Responsible AI integration requires validation, transparency, and clinician oversight for optimal outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Orthopaedic Surgery
- Medical Artificial Intelligence
Background:
- Artificial intelligence (AI) is a transformative technology in medicine.
- Advances in machine learning, deep learning, and NLP accelerate AI tool development for orthopaedics.
Purpose of the Study:
- Provide an overview of AI principles.
- Review current AI applications in medicine and orthopaedics.
- Discuss AI's limitations, ethical concerns, and costs.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of AI in medicine and orthopaedics.
- Analysis of AI applications across various orthopaedic domains.
- Examination of AI's potential benefits and challenges.
Main Results:
- AI applications span documentation, patient communication, OR optimization, imaging, rehabilitation, education, and research.
- These AI tools are currently used or have direct translation potential in orthopaedics.
- AI can streamline workflows, improve decision-making, and enhance patient outcomes.
Conclusions:
- AI holds significant potential to augment orthopaedic care.
- Responsible integration necessitates rigorous validation, transparency, clinician oversight, and education.
- Orthopaedic surgeons must critically evaluate emerging AI technologies.
