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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Technical Approach for Infrared Tracking for Soft Tissue Navigation with a Holographic Head-Mounted Display and Preclinical Validation
10:25

Technical Approach for Infrared Tracking for Soft Tissue Navigation with a Holographic Head-Mounted Display and Preclinical Validation

Published on: September 2, 2025

Augmented reality glasses improve real-time spatial tracking and surface-level annotations on the canine head.

Yash Tipirneni1, Boaz Arzi2, Andrew Blandino3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.

American Journal of Veterinary Research
|June 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Augmented reality (AR) visualization improves spatial accuracy for canine head tracking. Direct AR guidance enhances surface-level tracking on holograms, proving feasible and reproducible for veterinary applications.

Keywords:
3D hologramaugmented realityhand-tracking softwareintraoperative navigationmedical technology

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Medical Imaging
  • Augmented Reality Technology

Background:

  • Accurate spatial surface-level tracking is crucial in veterinary medicine, particularly for procedures involving the canine head.
  • Current methods may lack precision, necessitating innovative solutions for improved accuracy and reproducibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility, accuracy, and reproducibility of an augmented reality (AR) interface for spatial surface-level tracking on a canine head hologram.
  • To compare the accuracy of direct AR visualization versus transfer from a separate screen for spatial annotations.

Main Methods:

  • An AR application was developed using Unity for XREAL glasses, enabling interaction with a 3-D canine head hologram.
  • Coordinate (distance) and outline (area) annotations were performed under two conditions: direct visualization on the hologram and transfer from a computer screen.
  • Spatial accuracy (distance error, area coverage) and task completion times were measured for both conditions.

Main Results:

  • Direct AR guidance resulted in significantly lower mean distance error (2.73 mm) compared to transfer (3.42 mm).
  • Accurate area coverage was substantially higher with AR guidance (83.7%) versus transfer (63.3%).
  • Task completion times showed significant differences for coordinate tasks but not for area tracing.

Conclusions:

  • Augmented reality visualization significantly enhances spatial accuracy for both distance and area metrics on canine head holograms.
  • The AR interface proved feasible and reproducible, improving spatial tracking without compromising speed.
  • Findings suggest AR's potential for optimizing surface-level spatial tracking in veterinary medicine, with future applications in clinical settings and diagnostic imaging overlay.