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[Considerations for soft tissue management in endodontic microsurgery]
1Dept. of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China Supported by: Biobank Construction Project of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (YBK202524); Fundamental Research Program Funding of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (JYZZ245) Correspondence: Gu Shensheng, E-mail: gss2m9h@ 163. com.
Abstract:
With the development of microsurgical endodontic techniques, their clinical application is gradually expanding. As a critical component, soft tissue management significantly affects surgical outcomes, especially because many cases involve the aesthetic zone of anterior teeth. Balancing aesthetic and functional restorations aligns with mo-dern dental principles. In this article, the key points in soft tissue management during microsurgical endodontics were systematically outlined, covering flap design principles, preoperative assessment, operative techniques, and the management of a particularly challenging issue, that is, chronic periapical lesions combined with soft tissue fenestration. This work aims to enhance clinicians' understanding of soft tissue handling in microsurgical endodontics and improve clinical treatment standards.