Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting their diffusion into...
Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
Distribution of Molecular Speeds01:27

Distribution of Molecular Speeds

The motion of molecules in a gas is random in magnitude and direction for individual molecules, but a gas of many molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds. This predictable distribution of molecular speeds is known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. The distribution of molecular speeds in liquids is comparable to that of gases but not identical and can help to understand the phenomenon of the boiling and vapor pressure of a liquid. Consider that a molecule requires a...
Drift Velocity01:19

Drift Velocity

The high speed of electrical signals results from the fact that the force between charges acts rapidly at a distance. Thus, when a free charge is forced into a wire, the incoming charge pushes other charges ahead due to the repulsive force between like charges. These moving charges move the charges farther down the line. The density of charge in a system cannot easily be increased, so the signal is passed on rapidly. The resulting electrical shock wave moves through the system at nearly the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Temporary carbon dioxide removal to offset short-lived climate forcers.

Nature·2026
Same author

Climate futures require politics.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

IPCC Methodology Report on Carbon Dioxide Removal Technologies, Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage.

Integrated environmental assessment and management·2026
Same author

A prudent planetary limit for geologic carbon storage.

Nature·2025
Same author

Subnational survey data reveal persistent gaps in living standards across 75 low and middle-income countries.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Using net-zero carbon debt to track climate overshoot responsibility.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same journal

Demonstration of a quantum C-NOT gate in a time-multiplexed fully reconfigurable photonic processor.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Nonlinear quantum light source with van der Waals ferroelectric NbOX<sub>2</sub> (X = Br, I).

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Antagonistic histone H2A variants and autonomous heterochromatin formation shape epigenomic patterns in Arabidopsis.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

The long tail of nitrate pollution in groundwater challenges governance of global water quality.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Select microbial metabolites promote tau aggregation in a murine tauopathy model.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Warming climate has lengthened global intense tropical cyclone seasons.

Nature communications·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

In Situ Monitoring of Diffusion of Guest Molecules in Porous Media Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging
06:34

In Situ Monitoring of Diffusion of Guest Molecules in Porous Media Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: September 2, 2016

Drivers of technology diffusion speed in countries.

Jenna H Greene1, Matthew J Gidden2,3, Elina Brutschin3,4

  • 1Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. jhgreene@wisc.edu.

Nature Communications
|June 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Technological transitions for climate change mitigation diffuse faster when technologies are newer, simpler, and smaller. This suggests smaller-scale innovations may be adopted more quickly than large, complex systems, requiring tailored support for widespread adoption.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

In Situ Monitoring of Diffusion of Guest Molecules in Porous Media Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging
06:34

In Situ Monitoring of Diffusion of Guest Molecules in Porous Media Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: September 2, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Sustainability Science
  • Technology Adoption Studies
  • Climate Change Mitigation

Background:

  • Rapid technological transitions are crucial for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and limiting global temperature rise.
  • Historical technology adoption trends offer insights into the potential speed of these transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the effects of technology and country characteristics on the speed of technology diffusion.
  • To provide a broader and more integrated assessment of diffusion drivers using an expanded dataset.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an expanded Historical Adoption of Technologies (HATCH) dataset.
  • Analyzed 5990 national-level time series across 130 technologies and 228 countries.
  • Examined technology and country characteristics influencing diffusion speed.

Main Results:

  • Observed substantial variation in technology diffusion growth rates.
  • Newer, simpler, more standardized, smaller, less materially intensive, and shorter-lived technologies diffuse more rapidly.
  • Diffusion speed is influenced by a combination of technology attributes and country-specific factors.

Conclusions:

  • Smaller-scale technologies tend to be adopted faster than complex, large-scale technologies.
  • Widespread adoption of large-scale technologies may require greater support and longer timeframes.
  • Understanding diffusion drivers is key to accelerating necessary technological transitions for climate goals.