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  2. Within- And Between-day Reliability Of Laboratory-based Body Composition Assessment Methods.
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  2. Within- And Between-day Reliability Of Laboratory-based Body Composition Assessment Methods.

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Within- and Between-Day Reliability of Laboratory-Based Body Composition Assessment Methods.

Carina M Velasquez1, Christine M Florez1, Christian Rodriguez2

  • 1Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.

The British Journal of Nutrition
|June 16, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study assessed the reliability of common body composition methods. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) showed the best reliability, indicating excellent consistency for tracking body fat and mass.

Keywords:
Air Displacement PlethysmographyBioimpedanceBiological ErrorDual-energy X-ray absorptiometryTechnical Error

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Body Composition Analysis
  • Measurement Reliability

Background:

  • Accurate body composition assessment is crucial for health and performance monitoring.
  • Understanding the reliability of different measurement techniques is essential for interpreting changes over time.
  • Laboratory-based methods are frequently used but require validation for consistency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the within- and between-day reliability of various laboratory-based body composition assessment methods.
  • To compare the technical error of measurement (TEM) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) across different devices.
  • To identify the most reliable methods for tracking body composition changes in healthy adults.

Main Methods:

  • Eighteen healthy adults underwent repeated assessments using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanners, air displacement plethysmography (ADP), multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyzers (MFBIA), single-frequency BIA (SFBIA), and bioimpedance spectroscopy.
  • Within-day reliability was assessed via immediate test-retest, while between-day reliability involved repeat assessments 1-2 days later.
  • TEM and ICCs were calculated for body fat percentage, fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM).
  • Main Results:

    • All methods demonstrated excellent within- and between-day reliability under standardized conditions (ICCs generally > 0.95).
    • Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) exhibited the highest reliability, followed by one MFBIA analyzer and ADP with predicted thoracic gas volume.
    • Body fat percentage TEMs ranged from 0.03-0.70% (within-day) and 0.37-1.24% (between-day).
    • Fat and fat-free mass TEMs ranged from 0.02-0.53 kg (within-day) and 0.26-0.90 kg (between-day).

    Conclusions:

    • Laboratory-based body composition devices offer high reliability for both short-term and longer-term assessments.
    • Methodological choices can impact the precision of body composition tracking, particularly for small changes.
    • DXA, certain MFBIA, and ADP are recommended for reliable body composition monitoring.