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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
08:05

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Published on: October 7, 2020

Segregation-Engineered Polarization Synchronizes CO2 and Nitrate Reduction for Bias-Free Urea Synthesis.

Weijie Zhuang1,2, Miao Kan1,2, Hangyu Hu1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|June 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Segregation-engineered Si/Pd-Cu photocathodes overcome kinetic mismatches for efficient urea synthesis from CO2 and NO3-. This breakthrough enables spontaneous, light-driven urea production without external power.

Keywords:
CO2 reductionphase segregationsilicon photocathodeurea synthesis

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
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Published on: November 11, 2008

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Efficient urea synthesis via photoelectrochemistry faces challenges due to kinetic mismatches between CO2 and NO3- reduction.
  • Semiconductor/metal junctions are crucial for photoelectrochemical applications but require precise interfacial engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel Si/Pd-Cu photocathodes with engineered nanoscale phase segregations.
  • To enhance interfacial polarization for synchronized CO2 and NO3- reduction kinetics.
  • To achieve efficient and selective urea synthesis under illumination.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of segregation-engineered Si/Pd-Cu photocathodes.
  • Utilizing nanoscale phase segregations to induce dual-level interfacial polarization.
  • Employing operando spectroscopies and theoretical calculations to investigate reaction mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Optimized Si/1Pd-3Cu photocathodes achieved ≈100% faradaic efficiency for urea production at 0 V vs. RHE.
  • Demonstrated an initial urea partial current density of 1.06 mA·cm-2 under AM 1.5 G illumination.
  • Identified a low-barrier C-N coupling pathway governed by Pd-rich domains.

Conclusions:

  • Segregation-programmed polarization in semiconductor/metal junctions is a powerful materials-design principle.
  • This approach enables mild and selective multielectron synthesis, including spontaneous, light-driven urea production.
  • The developed photocathodes offer a promising route for sustainable chemical synthesis.